NDLI: Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 4.—Competitive alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol: consideration of the reactivity and selectivity of the alkylating species

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Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 1.—Alkylation of toluene with methanol: consideration of the effects of reaction parameters on catalyst deactivation and the extent of polysubstitution

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 2.—Alkylation of toluene with methanol: consideration of the effects of catalyst deactivation on the primary product distribution

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 3.—Alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol: consideration of the effects of initial coke formation on para selectivity

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 4.—Competitive alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol: consideration of the reactivity and selectivity of the alkylating species

Oxychlorination catalysis. Ethylene adsorption and conductivity studies on copper chlorides

Association effects in adsorption from multicomponent solutions on solids and liquid adsorption chromatography

Transmission ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectroscopic investigations of the formation of carbocations in zeolites. Re-examination of propene/CoNaY and extension to trans-butene/CoNaY, propene/H-mordenite and cyclopropane/H-mordenite

The retarded sublimation of red phosphorus

Reduction of the naphthazarin molecule as studied by pulse radiolysis. Part 1.—Addition of a single electron

Reduction of the naphthazarin molecule as studied by pulse radiolysis. Part 2.—Second one-electron step

Kinetic study of the electrolytic oxidation of manganese(II) to manganese(III) in sulphuric acid

Ion–solvent interactions in water-rich binary mixtures. Part 2.—Viscometric behaviour of NaCl, NaBr, KCl, KBr and Bu₄NBr in water + hexamethylphosphoric triamide mixtures at 25 and 35 °C

Rotational correlation times and radii of dithiazol-2-yl and dithiazolidin-2-yl free radicals

Reactions of dimethylbutenes on nickel-exchanged and zinc-exchanged 13X-type zeolites

Electrochemical deposition of hemispherical nuclei under diffusion control. Some theoretical considerations

Heterogeneous catalysis in solution. Part 22.—Oxidation–reduction reactions catalysed by electron transfer through the solid: theory for partial and complete mass-transport control

Heterogeneous catalysis in solution. Part 23.—Kinetics of a redox system showing complete mass-transport control: the hexacyanoferrate(III)+ iodide reaction at a rotating-platinum-disc catalyst

Reactions of oxygenated radicals in the gas phase. Part 10.—Self-reactions of ethylperoxy radicals

Study of gas relative permeability in a mesoporous alumina pellet

Spectroscopy and mechanism of chemiluminescent reactions between group V hydrides and ozone

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of transition-metal complexes of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous solution

Reviews of books ( Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1 Vol - 79 Issue - 2 )

Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1 Vol -69

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 4.—Competitive alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol: consideration of the reactivity and selectivity of the alkylating species

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Nunan, John Coughlan, Brendan Carroll, William M.
Copyright Year	1983
Abstract	Results for the competitive alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol over NiY and Ni, SnY zeolite catalysts are reported and analysed. The effects of time on stream, reaction temperature (473–543 K) and space velocity on the positional and substrate selectivity in ethylation under non-isomerizing conditions are examined in detail for catalysts which had already reached their steady-state activity in methylation, a high coking reaction. In all cases the substrate selectivity and ethyltoluene isomer composition (27%para, 22%meta, 51%ortho) remained virtually constant.In contrast to alkylation with ethanol, isomerization of the product alkyltoluenes occurred when n- and iso-propyl alcohol were the alkylating reagents; however, as in ethylation no di- or poly-substituted products were detected.A thorough investigation of the substrate selectivity (reactivity) and para/meta selectivity of the alcohols as alkylating agents is reported, with reference to both the literature on homogeneous Friedel–Crafts alkylation and heterogeneous catalysis and also linear free energy relationships. The high ortho/para ratios and the high quantities of meta isomer obtained indicates that in all cases the alkylating agent is a highly reactive species; the electrophilic character or reactivity is very similar for methylation, ethylation, n-propylation and isopropylation and the isomer distributions obtained in the present work are remarkably similar to those reported in the literature for homogeneous catalysis. Since the alkylating agents had approximately the same reactivity the enormous increase in rates on changing from methanol to isopropyl alcohol as alkylating agent is attributed to the relative quantities of the intermediate carbonium ions on the catalyst surface.
Starting Page	327
Ending Page	342
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03009599
Volume Number	79
Issue Number	2
Journal	Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1
DOI	10.1039/F19837900327
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Gibbs free energy Toluene Isomerization Ethyl group Alcohol Zeolite Stellar kinematics Alkylation 4-Ethyltoluene Isomer Friedel Isopropyl alcohol Heterogeneous catalysis 1-Propanol Benzene Homogeneous catalysis Friedel\u2013Crafts reaction Methylation Carbonium ion Electrophile Methanol
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry

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Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 3.—Alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol: consideration of the effects of initial coke formation on para selectivity

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 2.—Alkylation of toluene with methanol: consideration of the effects of catalyst deactivation on the primary product distribution

Alkylation of toluene with isopropyl alcohol catalyzed by Ce-exchanged NaX zeolite

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 1.—Alkylation of toluene with methanol: consideration of the effects of reaction parameters on catalyst deactivation and the extent of polysubstitution

Side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol over boron phosphate modified cesium ion-exchanged zeolite X catalysts

The Effect of Zeolite Structure on the Activity and Selectivity in p-Xylene Alkylation with Isopropyl Alcohol

Solubilities of benzene, toluene and diphenyl in the t-butyl alcohol+water mixtures and hydrophobic interaction

Pathway to Ethylbenzene Formation in Side-Chain Alkylation of Toluene with Methanol Over Cesium Ion-Exchanged Zeolite X

Hydrogenated mesoporous TiO₂–SiO₂ with increased moderate strong Brönsted acidic sites for Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction

Alkylation reactions over ion-exchanged molecular sieve zeolite catalysts. Part 4.—Competitive alkylation of toluene and benzene with ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and t-butyl alcohol: consideration of the reactivity and selectivity of the alkylating species

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