NDLI: Durable potassium ion battery electrodes from high-rate cointercalation into graphitic carbons

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Carter, Rachel Share, Keith Pint, Cary L. Oakes, Landon Muralidharan, Nitin Cohn, Adam P.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	We report the first demonstration of potassium ion cointercalation into graphitic carbon electrodes including both natural graphite and multi-layered graphene in both diglyme and monoglyme based electrolytes. Contrary to conventional desolvation-based intercalation of potassium, we demonstrate excellent capacity retention of ∼80% at rates up to 10 A g−1 (30 second charge), with 95% capacity retention over 1000 cycles, and up to 100 mA h g−1 capacity. Raman and X-ray diffraction following 1000 cycles demonstrates no signature of defects, damage, or change to graphitic crystallinity compared to uncycled pristine materials that is attributed to weak ion–lattice interactions due to the solvated guest K ions. In situ Raman spectroscopy highlights the sequential formation of a stage 4, 3, 2, and 1 graphite intercalation compound (GIC) that occurs without the signature of dilute staging. In a charged stage 1 compound, we observe lattice expansion from 0.335 nm to 1.16 nm and measure the work function to be ∼3.4 eV. Overall, this system overcomes rate and durability bottlenecks that limit current K-ion battery electrodes, and gives promise to cointercalation for durable, fast, and low-cost storage systems.
Starting Page	14954
Ending Page	14959
Page Count	6
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20507488
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	39
Journal	Journal of Materials Chemistry A
DOI	10.1039/c6ta06797b
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	GIC Raman Potassium Ion Carbon Graphite Graphene Diglyme X-ray crystallography Raman spectroscopy Graphite intercalation compound Crystal structure Work function Electronvolt
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Materials Science

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