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Cloud water and throughfall deposition of mercury and trace elements in a high elevation spruce–fir forest at Mt. Mansfield, Vermont

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Malcolm, Elizabeth G. Keeler, Gerald J. Scherbatskoy, Timothy D. Lawson, Sean T.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	As part of the Lake Champlain Basin watershed study of mercury (Hg) and pollutant deposition, cloud water and cloud throughfall collections were conducted at the south summit (1204 m) of Mt. Mansfield, Vermont between August 1 and October 31, 1998, for multi-element chemical analysis. A passive Teflon string collector was deployed during non-precipitating events to sample cloud/fog water at timberline, while three sets of paired funnels collected cloud throughfall under the red spruce–balsam fir canopy. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of Hg, major ions, and 10 trace elements. Ultra-clean sampling and analysis techniques were utilized throughout the study. Six events were sampled for cloud water alone and four events were sampled for both cloud water and cloud throughfall. Cloud throughfall chemistry showed substantial modification from incident cloud water. Much higher concentrations of Hg (2.3×), base cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+; 3–18×) and certain trace elements (Ni, Cu, Mn, Rb, Sr; 2–34×) were observed in throughfall than in cloud water. These results confirm that cloud water can leach a wide variety of elements from tree foliage and wash off dry deposited elements. Cloud water deposited an average of 0.42 ± 0.12 mm of water per hour. Estimated cloud water deposition of Hg was 7.4 µg m−2 for the period August 1–October 31, approximately twice that deposited by rain during this period at a nearby low elevation Hg monitoring site. Our results indicate that cloud water and Hg deposition at Mt. Mansfield are likely to have considerable ecological effects.
Starting Page	578
Ending Page	583
Page Count	6
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	4
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/b210125d
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Cu Lake Champlain Basin Mansfield Vermont Lake Champlain Cloud Throughfall Polytetrafluoroethylene Fir Chemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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