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Evaluation of performance of time-saving extraction devices in the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Ipolyi, I. Brunori, C. Cremisini, C. Fodor, P. Macaluso, L. Morabito, R.
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	Two alternative extraction methods—a routine ultrasonic bath and a microwave oven—were developed and optimized for their eventual exploitation in the three-stage sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Standards, Measurements and Testing (S, M & T) Programme, formerly Bureau Communitaire de Reference (BCR), for the operationally defined speciation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The conventional BCR three-stage sequential extraction procedure was modified at each stage, applying ultrasonic or microwave devices in order to shorten the required 16 h of shaking in all three steps. The experimental tests and the optimization of the operating parameters were carried out on a highly homogenized estuarine sediment reference material (RM S7) prepared by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of ISPRA. Extractable metal contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the results obtained in each fraction by all three methods were statistically compared for all the studied elements. The conventional and newly developed alternative extraction methods were finally compared by the analysis of BCR 601, which is certified for the three-step BCR sequential extraction procedure. According to the statistical evaluation of the results, the proposed accelerated sequential extraction methods are valid alternatives to conventional shaking, with much shorter extraction times.
Starting Page	541
Ending Page	548
Page Count	8
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	4
Issue Number	4
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/b202018c
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Programme Bureau Communitaire de Reference Cu Joint Research Centre ISPRA Ultrasonic cleaning Microwave Genetic algorithm Ultrasound Mathematical optimization Estuary Sediment Samsung Galaxy S7 Ispra
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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