NDLI: Screening organic chemicals in commerce for emissions in the context of environmental and human exposure

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Breivik, Knut Wania, Frank Arnot, Jon A. Brown, Trevor N. McLachlan, Michael S.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Quantitative knowledge of organic chemical release into the environment is essential to understand and predict human exposure as well as to develop rational control strategies for any substances of concern. While significant efforts have been invested to characterize and screen organic chemicals for hazardous properties, relatively less effort has been directed toward estimating emissions and hence also risks. Here, a rapid throughput method to estimate emissions of discrete organic chemicals in commerce has been developed, applied and evaluated to support screening studies aimed at ranking and identifying chemicals of potential concern. The method builds upon information in the European Union Technical Guidance Document and utilizes information on quantities in commerce (production and/or import rates), chemical function (use patterns) and physical–chemical properties to estimate emissions to air, soil and water within the OECD for five stages of the chemical life-cycle. The method is applied to 16 029 discrete substances (identified by CAS numbers) from five national and international high production volume lists. As access to consistent input data remains fragmented or even impossible, particular attention is given to estimating, evaluating and discussing uncertainties in the resulting emission scenarios. The uncertainty for individual substances typically spans 3 to 4 orders of magnitude for this initial tier screening method. Information on uncertainties in emissions is useful as any screening or categorization methods which solely rely on threshold values are at risk of leading to a significant number of either false positives or false negatives. A limited evaluation of the screening method's estimates for a sub-set of about 100 substances, compared against independent and more detailed emission scenarios presented in various European Risk Assessment Reports, highlights that up-to-date and accurate information on quantities in commerce as well as a detailed breakdown on chemical function are critically needed for developing more realistic emission scenarios.
Starting Page	2028
Ending Page	2037
Page Count	10
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14640325
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	8
Journal	Journal of Environmental Monitoring
DOI	10.1039/c2em30259d
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	European Union Technical Guidance Document OECD European Union Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development International
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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