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Mechanical and spatial determinants of cytoskeletal geodesic dome formation in cardiac fibroblasts

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Entcheva, Emilia Bien, Harold
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	This study tests the hypothesis that the cell cytoskeletal (CSK) network can rearrange from geodesic dome type structures to stress fibers in response to microenvironmental cues. The CSK geodesic domes are highly organized actin microarchitectures within the cell, consisting of ordered polygonal elements. We studied primary neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. The cues used to trigger the interconversion between the two CSK architectures (geodesic domes and stress fibers) included factors affecting spatial order and the degree of CSK tension in the cells. Microfabricated three-dimensional substrates with micrometre sized grooves and peaks were used to alter the spatial order of cell growth in culture. CSK tension was modified by 2,3-butanedione 2-monoxime (BDM), cytochalasin D and the hyphae of Candida albicans. CSK geodesic domes occurred spontaneously in about 20% of the neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts used in this study. Microfabricated structured surfaces produced anisotropy in the cell CSK and effectively converted geodesic domes into stress fibers in a dose-dependent manner (dependence on the period of the features). Affectors of actin structure, inhibitors of CSK tension and cell motility, e.g. BDM, cytochalasin D and the hyphae of C. albicans, suppressed or eliminated the geodesic domes. Our data suggest that the geodesic domes, similar to actin stress fibers, require maintenance of CSK integrity and tension. However, microenvironments that promote structural anisotropy in tensed cells cause the transformation of the geodesic domes into stress fibers, consistent with topographic cell guidance and some previous CSK model predictions.
Starting Page	212
Ending Page	219
Page Count	8
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17579694
Volume Number	1
Issue Number	2
Journal	Integrative Biology
DOI	10.1039/b818874b
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	CSK BDM Candida Tyrosine-protein kinase CSK Geodesic dome Geodesic Actin Micrometre Cytochalasin D Candida albicans Anisotropy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Biophysics

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