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Comparison of two preparative methods: a polymer-supported catalyst by metal-complexation with a polymeric ligand or by polymerization of a metal complex

A chiral biselectrophile for efficient asymmetric synthesis in water

The Pt(ii)-catalyzed Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with H₂O₂ in ionic liquids

Green solvents for sustainable organic synthesis: state of the art

High performance NMR in ionic liquids

Industrial application of ionic liquids as process aid

Continuous reactions in supercritical fluids; a cleaner, more selective synthesis of thymol in supercritical CO₂

Simultaneous continuous partial oxidation of mixed xylenes in supercritical water

Energetic, environmental and economic balances: Spice up your ionic liquid research efficiency

Selective laccase-mediated oxidation of sugars derivatives

Recycling of a perfluoroalkylated BINOL ligand using fluorous solid-phase extraction

Corrosion behaviour of ionic liquids

Stabilization of Ti-molecular sieve catalysts used in selective sulfoxidation reactions by ionic liquids

A design-of-experiments approach to modeling activity coefficients in solvent mixtures: a case study using platinum(ii) acetylacetonate in mixtures of acetone, cyclohexanol, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and propylene carbonate

Polarity of ionic liquids determined empirically by means of solvatochromic pyridinium N-phenolate betaine dyes

Green Chemistry in Ethiopia: the cleaner extraction of essential oils from Artemisia afra: a comparison of clean technology with conventional methodology

Continuous hydrogenation reactions in supercritical CO₂“without gases”

Progress in evaluation of risk potential of ionic liquids—basis for an eco-design of sustainable products

Continuous flow homogeneous hydroformylation of alkenes using supercritical fluids

Chemical recycling of polycarbonate in a semi-continuous lab-plant. A green route with methanol and methanol–water mixtures

Back matter

Back cover

Green Chemistry Vol - 7 Issue - 4

Green Chemistry Vol - 7 Issue - 3

Green Chemistry Vol - 7 Issue - 2

Green Chemistry Vol -6

Green Chemistry Vol -5

Green Chemistry Vol -4

Green Chemistry Vol -3

Green Chemistry Vol -2

Green solvents for sustainable organic synthesis: state of the art

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Sheldon, Roger A.
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	The growing awareness of the pressing need for greener, more sustainable technologies has focused attention on the use of atom efficient catalytic methodologies for the manufacture of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Another aspect which is receiving increasing attention is the use of alternative reaction media that circumvent the problems associated with many of the traditional volatile organic solvents. The use of nonconventional reaction media also provides opportunities for facilitating the recovery and recycling of the catalyst. The state of the art in the use of alternative reaction media for green, sustainable organic synthesis is reviewed. Liquid–liquid biphasic catalysis provides an industrially attractive method for the recovery and recycling of catalysts as an alternative to the more traditional solid heterogeneous catalysts. Various approaches to liquid–liquid biphasic catalysis—aqueous biphasic, fluorous biphasic, supercritical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids and various combinations thereof—are reviewed and compared. “The best solvent is no solvent” but if a solvent is needed then water has a lot to recommend it and catalysis in aqueous biphasic systems is an industrially attractive methodology which has found broad application. Similarly, supercritical carbon dioxide is an interesting reaction medium in the context of green chemistry and catalysis in various mono- and biphasic systems involving this solvent are reviewed. Fluorous biphasic systems and ionic liquids also have advantages in certain situations and the advantages and limitations of these media are compared. The ultimate in clean catalytic technologies is to telescope multistep syntheses into one-pot in the form of catalytic cascade processes. Examples of such catalytic cascades involving both chemo- and biocatalytic conversions are presented. Biocatalysis has a distinct advantage in this context in that the reactions all take place at or close to ambient temperature and pressure. In emulation of natural processes, where several different enzymes are compartmentalised in the cell, it can be advantageous to immobilise the various catalysts in such a cascade process. In this context, a novel and effective method for the immobilisation of enzymes as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) is discussed and the use of a combi CLEA, containing two enzymes, for the one-pot conversion of benzaldehyde to S-mandelic acid is reported.
Starting Page	267
Ending Page	278
Page Count	12
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14639262
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	5
Journal	Green Chemistry
DOI	10.1039/b418069k
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Biocatalysis Organic synthesis Supercritical carbon dioxide Solvent Aqueous two-phase system Green chemistry Multiphasic liquid Telescope Enzyme Station wagon Vrije Universiteit Brussel Benzaldehyde Acid
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution

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Continuous kinetic resolution catalysed by cross-linked enzyme aggregates, ‘CLEAs’, in supercritical CO₂

Liquid polymers as solvents for catalytic reductions

A Deep Eutectic Solvent Thermomorphic Multiphasic System for Biocatalytic Applications.

Organic synthesis using enzymes in supercritical carbon dioxide

Leo Apostel Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,

Vrije universiteit brussel scientia (2006).

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Supercritical carbon dioxide and poly(ethylene glycol): an environmentally benign biphasic solvent system for aerobic oxidation of styrene

Mesoporous silica synthesis in sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide

Green solvents for sustainable organic synthesis: state of the art

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