NDLI: Human health trade-offs in the disinfection of wastewater for landscape irrigation: microplasma ozonation <i>vs.</i> chlorination

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Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology Vol -2

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology Vol -1

Human health trade-offs in the disinfection of wastewater for landscape irrigation: microplasma ozonation vs. chlorination

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Li, Jun Dong, Shengkun Nguyen, Thanh H. Eden, J. Gary Kim, Min-Hwan Park, Sung-Jin Guest, Jeremy S.
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Wastewater reuse is becoming increasingly common, and there is a need for decentralized and small-scale systems to support the safe recovery of water resources. In this study, an integrated life cycle assessment (LCA) and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) were used to compare microplasma ozonation (an emerging technology) to chlorination (an established technology) for the disinfection of wastewater for landscape irrigational reuse. Three waterborne pathogens, Legionella pneumophila, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium parvum, were selected to include bacteria and protozoans covering the transmission routes of inhalation and ingestion. Inactivation data from the literature were coupled with bench-scale experiments (to establish inactivation parameters for L. pneumophila by ozone in wastewater) for the design and simulation of disinfection processes. Microplasma-based ozonation reduced more life cycle human health impacts as compared to chlorination for five of the six impact categories, because of the high susceptibility of the pathogens to ozone and the lower impacts stemming from electricity (required in ozonation) vs. chemical production (required in chlorination). These results were consistent across the electricity-fuel mixes of all fifty U.S. states. These results indicate that from the point of view of reducing human health impact, the emerging microplasma ozonation technology is superior to chlorination for wastewater reuse disinfection. To reduce the overall human health impact, future design efforts should focus on reducing process consumables (i.e., chemical and electricity consumption) through longer hydraulic residence times (HRTs), while maintaining adequate disinfectant dosing to provide reliable disinfection efficacy despite influent variability in compounds that may quench or interfere with the disinfectant.
Starting Page	106
Ending Page	118
Page Count	13
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20531400
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	1
Journal	Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
DOI	10.1039/c6ew00235h
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	LCA Life-cycle assessment Ozone Wastewater Legionella Giardia Cryptosporidium parvum Bacteria Disinfectant
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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