Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
|---|---|
| Author | Tilton, Robert D. Louie, Stacey M. Lowry, Gregory V. |
| Copyright Year | 2016 |
| Abstract | Attachment of engineered and naturally occurring macromolecules greatly affects the environmental fate and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). A better understanding of macromolecule–ENM interactions at the nanoscale will improve the ability to predict the effects of macromolecular coatings, e.g. natural organic matter (NOM), on ENM fate, reactivity, and toxicity. This review briefly discusses relevant theory from colloid and polymer science for highly idealized polymers on surfaces that can be used to describe ENM environmental behaviors and introduces classes of macromolecules of interest in the field of environmental nanotechnology. Methods to characterize adsorbed macromolecules on ENMs are presented along with their limitations for ENMs in natural systems. Finally, the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of attached organic macromolecules, both engineered and incidental, on the environmental fate and reactivity of ENMs is critically reviewed. These concepts in whole are synthesized to identify the fundamental gaps in understanding and metrology that must be addressed to improve our mechanistic understanding of the effects of organic macromolecules on ENM environmental fate, and approaches to correlate the properties of coated ENMs to their environmental fate are discussed. We postulate that a first principles approach to modeling ENM–macromolecule interactions is not warranted, particularly for complex and heterogeneous natural macromolecules. On the other hand, a mechanistic understanding is needed to inform parameter selection for empirical correlations, which may offer tractable alternatives to predicting the behavior of macromolecule–coated ENMs. Development of these empirical correlations and prediction of the long-term fate of ENMs is currently hampered by incomplete characterization of the adsorbed macromolecule layer properties and their evolution over time in natural systems. |
| Starting Page | 283 |
| Ending Page | 310 |
| Page Count | 28 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML PDF |
| ISSN | 20518153 |
| Volume Number | 3 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| Journal | Environmental Science: Nano |
| DOI | 10.1039/c5en00104h |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Nanomaterials Asteroid family Colloid Polymer science Nanotechnology Metrology Macromolecule |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Environmental Science Materials Science |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|