NDLI: Harnessing low energy photons (635 nm) for the production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using upconversion nanohybrid photocatalysts

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Kim, Hyoung-il Kwon, Oh Seok Kim, Sujeong Choi, Wonyong Kim, Jae-Hong
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	This study demonstrates, for the first time in literature, in situ photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (UC) of low-energy, sub-bandgap photons. The aqueous phase TTA-UC and subsequent photocatalytic oxygen reduction were achieved by a newly developed ternary nanohybrid that consists of three components: (1) a nano-scale silica core–shell structure that encapsulates TTA-UC chromophore-containing media; (2) a low-bandgap CdS photocatalyst on the surface of the silica nanocapsule; and (3) a graphene oxide nanodisk (GOND) as a co-catalyst. In this study, we employed a benchmark TTA-UC chromophore pair, palladium(II) tetraphenyltetrabenzo-porphyrin sensitizer and 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene acceptor, to upconvert red photons (λEx = 635 nm and 1.95 eV) to green photons (λEm = 505 nm and 2.45 eV). CdS is sensitized by upconverted green light to produce charge carriers, but not by incident red light without TTA-UC. The photogenerated electrons are efficiently transferred to a GOND to retard rapid charge recombination in CdS, which subsequently reduce dioxygen to produce H2O2 up to a 100 micromolar level per hour (or 3 mg L−1 h−1 with 0.5 g L−1 of GOND/CdS component only). Wrapping of CdS by a GOND was also found to markedly enhance the stability of CdS against photocorrosion without light shielding owing to its small size (ca. ∼80 nm) and transparency (α635nm = 1.85 g−1 dm3 cm−1).
Starting Page	1063
Ending Page	1073
Page Count	11
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17545692
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	3
Journal	Energy & Environmental Science
DOI	10.1039/c5ee03115j
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	TTA Hydrogen peroxide Oxygen Silicon dioxide Photocatalysis Graphene Chromophore 10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene Electronvolt Carrier generation and recombination
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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