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Theory, practice and prospects of X-ray and neutron scattering for lignocellulosic biomass characterization: towards understanding biomass pretreatment

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Theory, practice and prospects of X-ray and neutron scattering for lignocellulosic biomass characterization: towards understanding biomass pretreatment

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Zhang, Xin Cheng, Gang Simmons, Blake Singh, Seema
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Efficient deconstruction of lignocelluosic biomass into fermentable sugar depends largely on the development of advanced biomass pretreatment technologies. Due to the highly heterogeneous nano- and microstructure of the plant cell walls, there is a lack of understanding with regard to interactions between biomass recalcitrance and biomass pretreatment. Progress has been made by comparing the changes in chemical compositions and physical structures during the pretreatment processes and their correlations with the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. Recent studies suggest the necessity of investigating the impact of biomass pretreatment on plant cell walls using analytical tools spanning multiple length scales. Scattering techniques including X-ray and neutron scattering, complementary to imaging techniques, offer several advantages like minimal sample preparation, versatile sample environment and in situ dynamic investigation of cell wall structures. The combination of wide and small angle scattering (WAS and SAS) techniques covers length scales from a few angstroms to several hundred nanometres. In this review article, a detailed overview of the application of WAS and SAS techniques to study the supramolecular structures of cellulose and lignin, the examination of the presence of pores in plant cell walls as well as in the cellulose fibres are presented. In situ enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose investigated by SAS, providing important insight into enzyme–biomass interactions, is also summarized. This review highlights how probing structural changes during pretreatment of biomass samples by WAS and SAS can reveal valuable information that is often not accessible by other techniques.
Starting Page	436
Ending Page	455
Page Count	20
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17545692
Volume Number	8
Issue Number	2
Journal	Energy & Environmental Science
DOI	10.1039/c4ee03147d
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	SAS Deconstruction Biomass Carbohydrate Hydrolysis X-ray crystallography Neutron diffraction Cell wall Serial Attached SCSI Cellulose Lignin
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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Theory, practice and prospects of X-ray and neutron scattering for lignocellulosic biomass characterization: towards understanding biomass pretreatment

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Theory, practice and prospects of X-ray and neutron scattering for lignocellulosic biomass characterization: towards understanding biomass pretreatment

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Theory, practice and prospects of X-ray and neutron scattering for lignocellulosic biomass characterization: towards understanding biomass pretreatment