NDLI: Can we afford storage? A dynamic net energy analysis of renewable electricity generation supported by energy storage

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Benson, Sally M. Carbajales-Dale, Michael Barnhart, Charles J.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Global wind power and photovoltaic (PV) installed capacities are growing at very high rates (20% per year and 60% per year, respectively). These technologies require large, ‘up-front’ energetic investments. Conceptually, as these industries grow, some proportion of their electrical output is ‘re-invested’ to support manufacture and deployment of new generation capacity. As variable and intermittent, renewable generation capacity increases grid penetration, electrical energy storage will become an ever more important load-balancing technology. These storage technologies are currently expensive and energy intensive to deploy. We explore the impact on net energy production when wind and PV must ‘pay’ the energetic cost of storage deployment. We present the net energy trajectory of these two industries (wind and PV), disaggregated into eight distinct technologies—wind: on-shore and off-shore; PV: single-crystal (sc-), multi-crystalline (mc-), amorphous (a-) and ribbon silicon (Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS). The results show that both on-shore and off-shore wind can support the deployment of a very large amount of storage, over 300 hours of geologic storage in the case of on-shore wind. On the other hand, solar PV, which is already energetically expensive compared to wind power, can only ‘afford’ about 24 hours of storage before the industry operates at an energy deficit. The analysis highlights the societal benefits of electricity generation–storage combinations with low energetic costs.
Starting Page	1538
Ending Page	1544
Page Count	7
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	17545692
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	5
Journal	Energy & Environmental Science
DOI	10.1039/c3ee42125b
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Wind power Photovoltaics Renewable energy String ribbon Cadmium telluride photovoltaics Copper Indium Gallium Selenium Copper indium gallium selenide
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Pollution Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Nuclear Energy and Engineering

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