NDLI: W<sub>2</sub>C nanorods with various amounts of vacancy defects: determination of catalytic active sites in the hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran

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W₂C nanorods with various amounts of vacancy defects: determination of catalytic active sites in the hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Li, Chuang Pang, Min Liu, Rong Chen, Xiaozhen Xu, Chunjian Liang, Changhai
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	Transition metal carbides have been of great interest because of their noble-metal-like properties. Because of the complexity of their structures, it is crucial to design an experiment that can eliminate the influence of supports, surface carbon contamination and particle sizes when finding the exact catalytic active sites. In this work, phase-pure W2C nanorods (lengths of 2–4 μm and diameters of 100–600 nm) with different amounts of crystal defects were prepared by the pyrolysis of metatungstate and melamine hybrid nanorods with nanoscale periodic structure synthesized in the aqueous phase. The nanoscale alternating structure between tungsten oxide and melamine effectively promotes the reduction of tungsten oxide and the formation of tungsten carbide, avoiding the deposition of carbon on the surface. At the same time, vacancy defects are generated due to the deficiency of carbon. High pyrolysis temperature (900 °C), prolonged pyrolysis time (4 h), introduction of hydrogen and the proper increase of the temperature ramping rate (5 °C min−1) are favorable to the formation of vacancy defects. The activities of different catalysts were evaluated by the hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran at 320 to 350 °C. The results show that the vacancy defect sites in W2C are the key to the high reactivity of W2C. The vacancy defect sites have favorable properties for the cleavage of carbon–oxygen bonds. The Caromatic–O bond is cleaved in the case of unsaturated aromatic rings, thereby reducing the consumption of hydrogen. In addition, it is found that the apparent activation energy of each chemical bond is linear-like and positively related to its bond dissociation energy.
Starting Page	1333
Ending Page	1341
Page Count	9
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	20444753
Volume Number	7
Issue Number	6
Journal	Catalysis Science & Technology
DOI	10.1039/c6cy02702d
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Pyrolysis Tungsten carbide Melamine Hydrogen Chemical bond Transition metal Carbon Tungsten oxide Hydrodeoxygenation Bond-dissociation energy Benzofuran Vacancy defect Micrometre Activation energy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Catalysis

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W₂C nanorods with various amounts of vacancy defects: determination of catalytic active sites in the hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran

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