NDLI: Structure and order in soft matter: symmetry transcending length scale

Content Provider	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Author	Ward, Michael D. Horner, Matthew J.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Molecular crystals, surfactant assemblies, and block copolymers are properly classified as “soft matter,” but these classes of materials are usually regarded as distinct owing to their different properties and applications. Furthermore, the length scales of translation order in typical molecular crystals are typically at least one order of magnitude smaller than in surfactant assemblies and block copolymers, which often organize as high symmetry hexagonal and cubic microstructures. Whereas the structures of molecular crystals are generally viewed to be governed by intermolecular forces at short length scales that impose local order, surfactant assemblies and block copolymers are locally disordered even though they form ordered microstructures at longer length scales. Though historically the crystal structures of most molecular crystals have been characterized for the purpose of understanding molecular structure, the recent emergence of crystal engineering as a solid-state discipline has shifted the focus toward the elucidation of the factors responsible for crystal packing and strategies for crystal design. This coincides with a growing interest in surfactants and block copolymers having materials properties that can be tuned precisely at the molecular level. As such, it seems opportune to begin examining the structural relationships that connect these classes of materials. The intent of this highlight is to provoke interest in such comparisons through examples of molecular crystals that exhibit features which mimic microstructures observed in surfactant assemblies and block copolymers. These compounds appear to be characterized by molecular components with some degree of amphiphilic character and supramolecular structural elements that (i) enforce topologies that are predestined to form certain high symmetry structures, (ii) introduce conformational softness that permits curvature at small length scales, (iii) form aggregates (i.e., through hydrogen bonding) which effectively increase the length scale so that curved surfaces required for high symmetry lattices can be formed with minimal energetic penalties. These examples suggest that the relationship between length scale, energy, curvature, and crystal symmetry bear further examination.
Starting Page	401
Ending Page	407
Page Count	7
File Format	HTM / HTML PDF
ISSN	14668033
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	67
Journal	CrystEngComm
DOI	10.1039/b408258c
Language	English
Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Crystal engineering Soft matter Amphiphile Surfactant Curvature Hydrogen bond
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Condensed Matter Physics Materials Science

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