NDLI: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and Methanethiol Are Important Precursors of Methionine and Protein-Sulfur in Marine Bacterioplankton

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kiene, Ronald P. Linn, Laura J. González, José Moran, Mary Ann Bruton, Jody A.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	Organic sulfur compounds are present in all aquatic systems, but their use as sources of sulfur for bacteria is generally not considered important because of the high sulfate concentrations in natural waters. This study investigated whether dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an algal osmolyte that is abundant and rapidly cycled in seawater, is used as a source of sulfur by bacterioplankton. Natural populations of bacterioplankton from subtropical and temperate marine waters rapidly incorporated 15 to 40% of the sulfur from tracer-level additions of [35S]DMSP into a macromolecule fraction. Tests with proteinase K and chloramphenicol showed that the sulfur from DMSP was incorporated into proteins, and analysis of protein hydrolysis products by high-pressure liquid chromatography showed that methionine was the major labeled amino acid produced from [35S]DMSP. Bacterial strains isolated from coastal seawater and belonging to the α-subdivision of the division Proteobacteria incorporated DMSP sulfur into protein only if they were capable of degrading DMSP to methanethiol (MeSH), whereas MeSH was rapidly incorporated into macromolecules by all tested strains and by natural bacterioplankton. These findings indicate that the demethylation/demethiolation pathway of DMSP degradation is important for sulfur assimilation and that MeSH is a key intermediate in the pathway leading to protein sulfur. Incorporation of sulfur from DMSP and MeSH by natural populations was inhibited by nanomolar levels of other reduced sulfur compounds including sulfide, methionine, homocysteine, cysteine, and cystathionine. In addition, propargylglycine and vinylglycine were potent inhibitors of incorporation of sulfur from DMSP and MeSH, suggesting involvement of the enzyme cystathionine γ-synthetase in sulfur assimilation by natural populations. Experiments with [methyl-3H]MeSH and [35S]MeSH showed that the entire methiol group of MeSH was efficiently incorporated into methionine, a reaction consistent with activity of cystathionine γ-synthetase. Field data from the Gulf of Mexico indicated that natural turnover of DMSP supplied a major fraction of the sulfur required for bacterial growth in surface waters. Our study highlights a remarkable adaptation by marine bacteria: they exploit nanomolar levels of reduced sulfur in apparent preference to sulfate, which is present at 106- to 107-fold higher concentrations.
Starting Page	4549
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985336
e-ISSN	10985336
Journal	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	65
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	1999-10-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Food Science Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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Use of Microautoradiography Combined with Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization To Determine Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Incorporation by Marine Bacterioplankton Taxa

Production and Fate of Methylated Sulfur Compounds from Methionine and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Anoxic Salt Marsh Sediments †

Flow-Cytometric Cell Sorting and Subsequent Molecular Analyses for Culture-Independent Identification of Bacterioplankton Involved in Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Transformations

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Turnover Is Linked to the Composition and Dynamics of the Bacterioplankton Assemblage during a Microcosm Phytoplankton Bloom

Flow Sorting of Marine Bacterioplankton after Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: Its Sources, Role in the Marine Food Web, and Biological Degradation to Dimethylsulfide

Occurrence and Expression of Gene Transfer Agent Genes in Marine Bacterioplankton▿

Production and Consumption of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Marine Microbial Mats

Use of 16S Ribosomal DNA for Delineation of Marine Bacterioplankton Species

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate and Methanethiol Are Important Precursors of Methionine and Protein-Sulfur in Marine Bacterioplankton

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