NDLI: Mechanism of human methyl-directed DNA methyltransferase and the fidelity of cytosine methylation.

Please wait, while we are loading the content...

Year: 2016, Volume: 113

Year: 2015, Volume: 112

Year: 2014, Volume: 111

Year: 2013, Volume: 110

Year: 2012, Volume: 109

Year: 2011, Volume: 109

Year: 2011, Volume: 108

Year: 2010, Volume: 107

Year: 2009, Volume: 106

Year: 2009, Volume: 94

Year: 2008, Volume: 105

Year: 2007, Volume: 104

Year: 2006, Volume: 103

Year: 2005, Volume: 103

Year: 2005, Volume: 102

Year: 2004, Volume: 101

Year: 2003, Volume: 100

Year: 2002, Volume: 99

Year: 2001, Volume: 98

Year: 2000, Volume: 97

Year: 1999, Volume: 96

Year: 1998, Volume: 95

Year: 1997, Volume: 94

Year: 1996, Volume: 93

Year: 1995, Volume: 92

Year: 1994, Volume: 91

Year: 1993, Volume: 90

Year: 1992, Volume: 89

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 24

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 23

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 22

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 21

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 20

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 19

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 18

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 17

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 16

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 15

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 14

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 13

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 12

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 11

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 10

MELAS mutation in mtDNA binding site for transcription termination factor causes defects in protein synthesis and in respiration but no change in levels of upstream and downstream mature transcripts.

Alternative usage of initiation codons in mRNA encoding the cAMP-responsive-element modulator generates regulators with opposite functions.

Phosphorylation sites in the amino-terminal region of mouse p53.

Transformation and transactivation suppressor activity of the c-Jun leucine zipper fused to a bacterial repressor.

Pasteurella multocida toxin is a potent inducer of anchorage-independent cell growth.

Extension growth of the water mold Achlya: interplay of turgor and wall strength.

Leucine-responsive regulatory protein controls the expression of both the pap and fan pili operons in Escherichia coli.

Selective manipulation of the human T-cell receptor repertoire expressed by thymocytes in organ culture.

Ontogeny of the secretory immune system: maturation of a functional polymeric immunoglobulin receptor regulated by gene expression.

Three additional inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors: molecular cloning and differential localization in brain and peripheral tissues.

Differential expression of c-fos and zif268 in rat striatum after haloperidol, clozapine, and amphetamine.

Functional domains in Fok I restriction endonuclease.

The FixL protein of Rhizobium meliloti can be separated into a heme-binding oxygen-sensing domain and a functional C-terminal kinase domain.

Nuclear translocation of viral Jun but not of cellular Jun is cell cycle dependent.

Cloning of the low-affinity murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor and reconstitution of a high-affinity receptor complex.

Selection-induced mutations occur in yeast.

Design of a long-acting follitropin agonist by fusing the C-terminal sequence of the chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit to the follitropin beta subunit.

Amplified and rearranged epidermal growth factor receptor genes in human glioblastomas reveal deletions of sequences encoding portions of the N- and/or C-terminal tails.

Development of antibodies against the rat brain somatostatin receptor.

Golgi retention of a trans-Golgi membrane protein, galactosyltransferase, requires cysteine and histidine residues within the membrane-anchoring domain.

Two mutations in the beta-globin polyadenylylation signal reveal extended transcripts and new RNA polyadenylylation sites.

Saturable binding of halothane to rat brain synaptosomes.

Direct association of pp40/I kappa B beta with rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors: role of ankyrin repeats in the inhibition of DNA binding activity.

SNC1, a yeast homolog of the synaptic vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin gene family: genetic interactions with the RAS and CAP genes.

Urate-null rosy mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are hypersensitive to oxygen stress.

Heat shock protein Hsp60-reactive gamma delta cells: a large, diversified T-lymphocyte subset with highly focused specificity.

Evidence for a functional receptor for cyclosporin A on the surface of lymphocytes.

Immunostimulatory human urinary protein.

Homosynaptic long-term depression in area CA1 of hippocampus and effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade.

A 33-kDa polypeptide with homology to the laminin receptor: component of translation machinery.

Immortal rat hippocampal cell lines exhibit neuronal and glial lineages and neurotrophin gene expression.

Primary structure of high molecular weight tau present in the peripheral nervous system.

A leucine-to-proline mutation in the putative first transmembrane domain of the 22-kDa peripheral myelin protein in the trembler-J mouse.

Cloning of the rat gene encoding choline acetyltransferase, a cholinergic neuron-specific marker.

2',5'-Bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3'-spiro-5''-(4''-amino-1'',2''- oxathiole-2'',2'-dioxide)pyrimidine (TSAO) nucleoside analogues: highlyselective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that are targeted at the viral reverse transcriptase.

Complete 15N and 1H NMR assignments for the amino-terminal domain of the phage 434 repressor in the urea-unfolded form

Reduced transcription of the ferredoxin gene in metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.

Crystal structure of an engineered subtilisin inhibitor complexed with bovine trypsin.

Demonstration of nuclear compartmentalization of glutathione in hepatocytes.

Modulation of L-type calcium channels by sodium ions.

Retinal degeneration is rescued in transgenic rd mice by expression of the cGMP phosphodiesterase beta subunit.

On the structure of the nickel/iron/sulfur center of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum: an x-ray absorption spectroscopy study.

Approximating Markov chains.

A gene homologous to chloroplast carbonic anhydrase (icfA) is essential to photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation by Synechococcus PCC7942.

Efficiency of binding the retinoblastoma protein correlates with the transforming capacity of the E7 oncoproteins of the human papillomaviruses.

Natural human antibodies to gamma interferon interfere with the immunomodulating activity of the lymphokine.

Germ-line mutations of the APC gene in 53 familial adenomatous polyposis patients.

Semisynthetic combinatorial antibody libraries: a chemical solution to the diversity problem.

Environment affects amino acid preference for secondary structure.

Yeast actin filaments display ATP-dependent sliding movement over surfaces coated with rabbit muscle myosin.

Generation of mice carrying a mutant apolipoprotein E gene inactivated by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells.

Organization and evolution of the human epidermal keratinocyte transglutaminase I gene.

Human growth hormone promotes engraftment of murine or human T cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice.

Detection of acute hepatitis C virus infection by ELISA using a synthetic peptide comprising a structural epitope.

Long-term agonist exposure induces upregulation of beta 3-adrenergic receptor expression via multiple cAMP response elements.

Induction of apoptosis by wild-type p53 in a human colon tumor-derived cell line.

Genetic identification of the DNA binding domain of Escherichia coli LexA protein.

Identification of highest-affinity ligands by affinity selection from equimolar peptide mixtures generated by robotic synthesis

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase improves the efficiency of protein disulfide isomerase as a catalyst of protein folding.

Methods for the large-scale synthesis of psoralen furan-side monoadducts and diadducts.

Production of germ-line chimeras in zebrafish by cell transplants from genetically pigmented to albino embryos.

Surfactant-induced sealing of electropermeabilized skeletal muscle membranes in vivo.

Excretion of putrescine by the putrescine-ornithine antiporter encoded by the potE gene of Escherichia coli.

Cloning of the yeast FAS3 gene and primary structure of yeast acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

The Escherichia coli chromosome contains specific, unmethylated dam and dcm sites.

Modification of histidine residues in proteins by reaction with 4-hydroxynonenal.

Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7 protein share the capacity to disrupt the interaction between transcription factor E2F and the retinoblastoma gene product.

Modulation of the RNA-binding activity of a regulatory protein by iron in vitro: switching between enzymatic and genetic function?

Molecular cloning of epididymal and seminal vesicular transcripts encoding a semenogelin-related protein.

Amino acid substitutions in the sixth transmembrane domain of P-glycoprotein alter multidrug resistance.

Id gene expression and its suppression by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells.

Evidence that Mos protein may not act directly on cyclin.

Sequence organization of the Balbiani ring 2.1 gene in Chironomus tentans.

Characterization of a type II collagen gene (COL2A1) mutation identified in cultured chondrocytes from human hypochondrogenesis.

Gamma delta T-cell receptor repertoire in acute multiple sclerosis lesions.

Evolution of the vasopressin/oxytocin superfamily: characterization of a cDNA encoding a vasopressin-related precursor, preproconopressin, from the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis.

Region-specific expression of a K+ channel gene in brain.

Cleavage behavior of calicheamicin gamma 1 and calicheamicin T.

Endoproteolytic processing of a farnesylated peptide in vitro.

Expression cloning of a rat brain somatostatin receptor cDNA.

Mutational spectrometry: a general approach for hot-spot point mutations in selectable genes.

Molecular diversity of L-type Ca2+ channel transcripts in human fibroblasts.

A vaccine carrier derived from Neisseria meningitidis with mitogenic activity for lymphocytes.

Polar zipper sequence in the high-affinity hemoglobin of Ascaris suum: amino acid sequence and structural interpretation.

How cytotoxic T cells manage to discriminate nonself from self at the nonapeptide level.

Excision of Tn10 from the donor site during transposition occurs by flush double-strand cleavages at the transposon termini.

Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor.

Coupling of dual signaling pathways: epidermal growth factor action involves the estrogen receptor.

Estrogen receptors colocalize with low-affinity nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain.

Thymosin beta 4 (Fx peptide) is a potent regulator of actin polymerization in living cells.

Expression of interleukin 1-inducible genes and production of interleukin 1 by aging human fibroblasts.

1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates the transcription of carbonic anhydrase II mRNA in avian myelomonocytes.

Primary structure and expression of a gamete lytic enzyme in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: similarity of functional domains to matrix metalloproteases.

Quantitation of reversible binding by particle counting: hapten-antibody interaction as a model system.

Actions of dopamine and dopaminergic drugs on cloned serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Induction by fungal elicitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase mRNAs in cultured cells and leaves of Petroselinum crispum.

Light-induced phosphorylation of a membrane protein plays an early role in signal transduction for phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Embryonic development period and the prevalence of avian blood parasites.

Mutations in the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase result in unregulated biological activity.

Observing the 1H NMR signal of the myoglobin Val-E11 in myocardium: an index of cellular oxygenation.

Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein of 90 kilodaltons associates with the T- and B-cell antigen receptors and major histocompatibility complex antigens during their assembly.

Neural-specific expression, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the zinc-finger transcription factor NGFI-C.

Mechanism of human methyl-directed DNA methyltransferase and the fidelity of cytosine methylation.

Proteins on exocytic vesicles mediate calcium-triggered fusion.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha is an autocrine growth regulator during macrophage differentiation.

Oscillations in the insect brain: do they correspond to the cortical gamma-waves of vertebrates?

Behavior of a cloned murine interferon alpha/beta receptor expressed in homospecific or heterospecific background.

Molecular cloning of a calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase from murine testis: Identification of a developmentally expressed nonneural isoenzyme

Conformational switching at cytochrome a during steady-state turnover of cytochrome c oxidase

An efficient method for generating proteins with altered enzymatic properties: Application to β-lactamase

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 9

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 8

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 7

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 6

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 5

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 4

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 3

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 2

Year: 1992, Volume: 89, Issue: 1

Year: 1991, Volume: 88

Year: 1990, Volume: 87

Year: 1989, Volume: 86

Year: 1988, Volume: 85

Year: 1987, Volume: 84

Year: 1986, Volume: 83

Year: 1985, Volume: 82

Year: 1984, Volume: 81

Year: 1983, Volume: 80

Year: 1982, Volume: 79

Year: 1981, Volume: 78

Year: 1980, Volume: 77

Year: 1979, Volume: 76

Year: 1978, Volume: 75

Year: 1977, Volume: 74

Year: 1976, Volume: 73

Year: 1975, Volume: 72

Year: 1974, Volume: 71

Year: 1973, Volume: 70

Year: 1972, Volume: 69

Year: 1971, Volume: 68

Year: 1970, Volume: 67

Year: 1970, Volume: 66

Year: 1970, Volume: 65

Year: 1969, Volume: 64

Year: 1969, Volume: 63

Year: 1969, Volume: 62

Year: 1968, Volume: 61

Year: 1968, Volume: 60

Year: 1968, Volume: 59

Year: 1967, Volume: 58

Year: 1967, Volume: 57

Year: 1966, Volume: 56

Year: 1966, Volume: 55

Year: 1965, Volume: 54

Year: 1965, Volume: 53

Year: 1964, Volume: 52

Year: 1964, Volume: 51

Year: 1963, Volume: 50

Year: 1963, Volume: 49

Year: 1962, Volume: 48

Year: 1961, Volume: 47

Year: 1960, Volume: 46

Year: 1959, Volume: 45

Year: 1958, Volume: 44

Year: 1957, Volume: 43

Year: 1956, Volume: 42

Year: 1955, Volume: 41

Year: 1954, Volume: 40

Year: 1953, Volume: 39

Year: 1952, Volume: 38

Year: 1951, Volume: 37

Year: 1950, Volume: 36

Year: 1949, Volume: 35

Year: 1948, Volume: 34

Year: 1947, Volume: 33

Year: 1946, Volume: 32

Year: 1945, Volume: 31

Year: 1944, Volume: 30

Year: 1943, Volume: 29

Year: 1942, Volume: 28

Year: 1941, Volume: 27

Year: 1940, Volume: 26

Year: 1939, Volume: 25

Year: 1938, Volume: 24

Year: 1937, Volume: 23

Year: 1936, Volume: 22

Year: 1935, Volume: 21

Year: 1934, Volume: 20

Year: 1933, Volume: 19

Year: 1932, Volume: 18

Year: 1931, Volume: 17

Year: 1930, Volume: 16

Year: 1929, Volume: 15

Year: 1928, Volume: 14

Year: 1927, Volume: 13

Year: 1926, Volume: 12

Year: 1925, Volume: 11

Year: 1924, Volume: 10

Year: 1923, Volume: 9

Year: 1922, Volume: 8

Year: 1921, Volume: 7

Year: 1920, Volume: 6

Year: 1919, Volume: 5

Year: 1918, Volume: 4

Year: 1917, Volume: 3

Year: 1916, Volume: 2

Year: 1915, Volume: 1

Mechanism of human methyl-directed DNA methyltransferase and the fidelity of cytosine methylation.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Smith, S. S. Kaplan, B. E. Sowers, L. C. Newman, E. M.
Abstract	The properties of the methyl-directed DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.37) suggest that it is the enzyme that maintains patterns of methylation in the human genome. Proposals for the enzyme's mechanism of action suggest that 5-methyldeoxycytidine is produced from deoxycytidine via a dihydrocytosine intermediate. We have used an oligodeoxynucleotide containing 5-fluorodeoxycytidine as a suicide substrate to capture the enzyme and the dihydrocytosine intermediate. Gel retardation experiments demonstrate the formation of the expected covalent complex between duplex DNA containing 5-fluorodeoxycytidine and the human enzyme. Formation of the complex was dependent upon the presence of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, suggesting that it comprises an enzyme-linked 5-substituted dihydrocytosine moiety in DNA. Dihydrocytosine derivatives are extremely labile toward hydrolytic deamination in aqueous solution. Because C-to-T transition mutations are especially prevalent at CG sites in human DNA, we have used high-performance liquid chromatography to search for thymidine that might be generated by hydrolysis during the methyl transfer reaction. Despite the potential for deamination inherent in the formation of the intermediate, the methyltransferase did not produce detectable amounts of thymidine. The data suggest that the ability of the human methyltransferase to preserve genetic information when copying a methylation pattern (i.e., its fidelity) is comparable to the ability of a mammalian DNA polymerase to preserve genetic information when copying a DNA sequence. Thus the high frequency of C-to-T transitions at CG sites in human DNA does not appear to be due to the normal enzymatic maintenance of methylation patterns.
Starting Page	4744
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10916490
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	89
Language	English
Publisher Date	1992-05-15
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

Central Library (ISO-9001:2015 Certified)
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur, West Bengal, India | PIN - 721302

See location in the Map
03222 282435
Mail: support@ndl.gov.in

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in