NDLI: Autophagy enhancement contributes to the synergistic effect of vitamin D in temozolomide-based glioblastoma chemotherapy

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Bak, Dong-ho Kang, Seong Hee Choi, Du Ri Gil, Mi Na Sik, Yu Kwang Jeong, Ji Heun Lee, Nam-seob Lee, Je-hun Jeong, Young-gil Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Do-kyung Kim, Jwa-jin Han, Seung-yun
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is recommended as the initial treatment for high-grade glioblastoma. TMZ is widely used, but its short half-life and the frequency of tumor resistance limit its therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, the anticancer effect of vitamin D (VD) combined with TMZ upon glioblastoma was determined, and the underlying mechanism of this effect was identified. Through cell viability, clonogenic and wound healing assays, the current study demonstrated that treatment of a C6 glioblastoma cell line with TMZ and VD resulted in significantly increased in vitro antitumor effects compared with either VD or TMZ alone. Autophagy, hypothesized to be the dominant mechanism underlying TMZ-based tumor cell death, was maximally activated in TMZ and VD co-treated C6 cells. This was demonstrated by ultrastructural observations of autophagosomes, increased size and number of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and increased conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. However, the extent of apoptosis was not significantly different between cells treated with TMZ and VD and those treated with TMZ alone. Addition of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine markedly inhibited the anticancer effect of TMZ and VD treatment, indicating that the chemosensitizing effect of VD in TMZ-based glioblastoma therapy is generated through enhancement of cytotoxic autophagy. TMZ and VD co-treatment also significantly inhibited tumor progression and prolonged survival duration in rat glioblastoma orthotopic xenograft models when compared with TMZ treatment alone. These in vivo results are concordant with the aforementioned in vitro results, together revealing that the combined use of TMZ and VD exerts synergistic antitumor effects on rat models of glioblastoma and may represent an effective therapeutic strategy.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3196
Ending Page	2162
Page Count	10
Starting Page	2153
File Format	PDF
ISSN	17921015
e-ISSN	17921015
Journal	Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Issue Number	6
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	D.A. Spandidos
Publisher Date	2016-06-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	D.A. Spandidos
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cancer Research 2400/2401

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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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