NDLI: Kinetoplastid Phylogenomics Reveals the Evolutionary Innovations Associated with the Origins of Parasitism

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Kinetoplastid Phylogenomics Reveals the Evolutionary Innovations Associated with the Origins of Parasitism

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Jackson, AndrewÂ p. Otto, ThomasÂ d. Aslett, Martin Armstrong, StuartÂ d. Frederic, Bringaud Alexander, Schlacht Hartley, Catherine Sanders, Mandy Wastling, JonathanÂ m. Dacks, JoelÂ b. Alvaro, Acosta-serrano Field, MarkÂ c. Ginger, MichaelÂ l. Berriman, Matthew
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The evolution of parasitism is a recurrent event in the history of life and a core problem in evolutionary biology. Trypanosomatids are important parasites and include the human pathogens Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp., which in humans cause African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively. Genome comparison between trypanosomatids reveals that these parasites have evolved specialized cell-surface protein families, overlaid on a well-conserved cell template. Understanding how these features evolved and which ones are specifically associated with parasitism requires comparison with related non-parasites. We have produced genome sequences for Bodo saltans, the closest known non-parasitic relative of trypanosomatids, and a second bodonid, Trypanoplasma borreli. Here we show how genomic reduction and innovation contributed to the character of trypanosomatid genomes. We show that gene loss has “streamlined” trypanosomatid genomes, particularly with respect to macromolecular degradation and ion transport, but consistent with a widespread loss of functional redundancy, while adaptive radiations of gene families involved in membrane function provide the principal innovations in trypanosomatid evolution. Gene gain and loss continued during trypanosomatid diversification, resulting in the asymmetric assortment of ancestral characters such as peptidases between Trypanosoma and Leishmania, genomic differences that were subsequently amplified by lineage-specific innovations after divergence. Finally, we show how species-specific, cell-surface gene families (DGF-1 and PSA) with no apparent structural similarity are independent derivations of a common ancestral form, which we call “bodonin.” This new evidence defines the parasitic innovations of trypanosomatid genomes, revealing how a free-living phagotroph became adapted to exploiting hostile host environments.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.055
Ending Page	172
Page Count	12
Starting Page	161
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09609822
e-ISSN	18790445
Journal	Current Biology
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	26
Language	English
Publisher	Cell Press
Publisher Date	2016-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Cell Press
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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