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Nitrosative Stress in the Nervous System: Guidelines for Designing Experimental Strategies to Study Protein S-Nitrosylation
| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Nakamura, Tomohiro Lipton, Stuart A. |
| Abstract | Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (NO), exert their biological activity in large part through post-translational modification of cysteine residues, forming S-nitrosothiols. This chemical reaction proceeds via a process that we and our colleagues have termed protein S-nitrosylation. Under conditions of normal NO production, S-nitrosylation regulates the activity of many normal proteins. However, in degenerative conditions characterized by nitrosative stress, increased levels of NO lead to aberrant S-nitrosylation that contributes to the pathology of the disease. Thus, S-nitrosylation has been implicated in a wide range of cellular mechanisms, including mitochondrial function, proteostasis, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, and cell survival. In recent years, the research area of protein S-nitrosylation has become prominent due to improvements in the detection systems as well as the demonstration that protein S-nitrosylation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and other neurological disorders. To further promote our understanding of how protein S-nitrosylation affects cellular systems, guidelines for the design and conduct of research on S-nitrosylated (or SNO-)proteins would be highly desirable, especially for those newly entering the field. In this review article, we provide a strategic overview of designing experimental approaches to study protein S-nitrosylation. We specifically focus on methods that can provide critical data to demonstrate that an S-nitrosylated protein plays a (patho-)physiologically-relevant role in a biological process. Hence, the implementation of the approaches described herein will contribute to further advancement of the study of S-nitrosylated proteins, not only in neuroscience but also in other research fields. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-015-1640-z |
| Ending Page | 514 |
| Page Count | 5 |
| Starting Page | 510 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 03643190 |
| e-ISSN | 15736903 |
| Journal | Neurochemical research |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| Volume Number | 41 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2016-03-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
