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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Zhang, Yun-rui Wang, Ping Liang, Xu-xia Tan, Chuen Seng Tan, Jian-bin Wang, Jing Huang, Qiong Huang, Rui Li, Zhi-xue Chen, Wen-cai Wu, Shi-xuan Ong, Choon Nam Yang, Xing-fen Wu, Yong-ning |
| Editor | Tchounwou, Paul B. |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the relationship between urinary excretion of cadmium (U-Cd) and biomarkers of renal dysfunction. Methods: One hundred eighty five non-smoking female farmers (aged from 44 to 71 years) were recruited from two rural areas with different cadmium levels of exposure in southern China. Morning spot urine samples were collected for detecting U-Cd, urinary creatinine (U-cre), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), metallothionein (MT), retinol binding protein (RBP), albumin (AB), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Spearman’s rank correlation was carried out to assess pairwise bivariate associations between continuous variables. Three different models of multiple linear regression (the cre-corrected, un-corrected and cre-adjusted model) were used to model the dose-response relationships between U-Cd and nine urine markers. Results: Spearman’s rank correlation showed that NAG, ALP, RBP, β2-MG and MT were significantly associated with U-Cd for both cre-corrected and observed data. Generally, NAG correlated best with U-Cd among the nine biomarkers studied, followed by ALP and MT. In the un-corrected model and cre-adjusted model, the regression coefficients and R2 of nine biomarkers were larger than the corresponding values in the cre-corrected model, indicating that the use of observed data was better for investigating the relationship between biomarkers and U-Cd than cre-corrected data. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NAG, MT and ALP in urine were better biomarkers for long-term environmental cadmium exposure assessment among the nine biomarkers studied. Further, data without normalization with creatinine show better relationships between cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121011988 |
| Ending Page | 12001 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| Starting Page | 11988 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 16604601 |
| e-ISSN | 16604601 |
| Journal | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| Issue Number | 10 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2015-09-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | MDPI |
| Subject Keyword | Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pollution Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
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