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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Fantini, J. Cook, D. G. Nathanson, N. Spitalnik, S. L. Gonzalez-scarano, F. |
| Abstract | The gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of infection by the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). It is a potential route for viral entry and it is the site of a number of complications, including both opportunistic infections and a primary HIV-induced enteropathy. Correspondingly, both in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated HIV infection of gastrointestinal cells of lymphoid and epithelial origin. HT-29, a human colonic epithelial cell line that is infectable with many HIV-1 strains, does not express CD4 protein or mRNA. Recent studies showed that antibodies recognizing a neutral glycolipid related to galactosylceramide (GalCer) in HT-29 cells inhibited HIV-1 infection of this cell line, extending previous findings in neural cells. In the current studies, we further analyzed the neutral glycolipids of HT-29 cells and showed that they contained authentic GalCer and that recombinant gp120 bound to this glycolipid. Moreover, by analyzing GalCer expression in clones derived from HT-29 and Caco-2 (another human colonic cell line), we observed that the level of expression of this glycolipid was associated with the sensitivity to HIV-1 infection. Subclones of Caco-2 did not express GalCer and were not infectable with any of three HIV-1 strains. These results strengthen the possibility that GalCer is an alternative receptor in CD4- cell lines. Furthermore, since GalCer is a major glycolipid in epithelial cells of the small intestine and colon, these results provide a structural basis for the binding of HIV-1 by gastrointestinal epithelial cells and the entry of the virus into those cells. |
| Starting Page | 2700 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 10916490 |
| e-ISSN | 10916490 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| Issue Number | 7 |
| Volume Number | 90 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 1993-04-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Multidisciplinary |
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