NDLI: Impact of the β-Lactam Resistance Modifier (−)-Epicatechin Gallate on the Non-Random Distribution of Phospholipids across the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Rosado, Helena Turner, Robert D. Foster, Simon J. Taylor, Peter W.
Editor	Andrade, Paula
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The polyphenol (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and reversibly abrogates resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. ECg elicits an increase in MRSA cell size and induces thickened cell walls. As ECg partially delocalizes penicillin-binding protein PBP2 from the septal division site, reduces PBP2 and PBP2a complexation and induces CM remodelling, we examined the impact of ECg membrane intercalation on phospholipid distribution across the CM and determined if ECg affects the equatorial, orthogonal mode of division. The major phospholipids of the staphylococcal CM, lysylphosphatidylglycerol (LPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL), were distributed in highly asymmetric fashion; 95%–97% of LPG was associated with the inner leaflet whereas PG (~90%) and CL (~80%) were found predominantly in the outer leaflet. ECg elicited small, significant changes in LPG distribution. Atomic force microscopy established that ECg-exposed cells divided in similar fashion to control bacteria, with a thickened band of encircling peptidoglycan representing the most recent plane of cell division, less distinct ribs indicative of previous sites of orthogonal division and concentric rings and “knobbles” representing stages of peptidoglycan remodelling during the cell cycle. Preservation of staphylococcal membrane lipid asymmetry and mode of division in sequential orthogonal planes appear key features of ECg-induced stress.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms160816710
Ending Page	16727
Page Count	18
Starting Page	16710
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14220067
e-ISSN	14220067
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	16
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2015-07-23
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	MDPI
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry Medicine Molecular Biology Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Computer Science Applications

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