NDLI: Vascular pathobiology in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

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Vascular pathobiology in chronic liver disease and cirrhosis – Current status and future directions

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Yasuko, Iwakiri Shah, Vijay Rockey, Don C.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Chronic liver disease is associated with remarkable alterations in the intra- and extrahepatic vasculature. Because of these changes, the fields of liver vasculature and portal hypertension have recently become closely integrated within the broader vascular biology discipline. As developments in vascular biology have evolved, a deeper understanding of vascular processes has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of the dynamic vascular changes associated with portal hypertension and chronic liver disease. In this context, hepatic vascular cells, such as sinusoidal endothelial cells and pericyte-like hepatic stellate cells, are closely associated with one another, where they have paracrine and autocrine effects on each other and themselves. These cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Further, a variety of signaling pathways have recently come to light. These include growth factor pathways involving cytokines such as transforming growth factor β, platelet derived growth factor, and others as well as a variety of vasoactive peptides and other molecules. An early and consistent feature of liver injury is the development of an increase in intra-hepatic resistance; this is associated with changes in hepatic vascular cells and their signaling pathway that cause portal hypertension. A critical concept is that this process aggregates signals to the extrahepatic circulation, causing derangement in this system’s cells and signaling pathways, which ultimately leads to the collateral vessel formation and arterial vasodilation in the splanchnic and systemic circulation, which by virtue of the hydraulic derivation of Ohm’s law (pressure = resistance × flow), worsens portal hypertension. This review provides a detailed review of the current status and future direction of the basic biology of portal hypertension with a focus on the physiology, pathophysiology, and signaling of cells within the liver, as well as those in the mesenteric vascular circulation. Translational implications of recent research and the future directions that it points to are also highlighted.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.047
Ending Page	924
Page Count	13
Starting Page	912
File Format	PDF
ISSN	16000641
e-ISSN	16000641
Journal	Journal of hepatology
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	61
Language	English
Publisher Date	2014-10-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Hepatology

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