NDLI: Compartmentalization of extraocular muscle function

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Demer, J. L.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Ocular motor diversity exceeds capabilities of only six extraocular muscles (EOMs), but this deficiency is overcome by the plethora of fibers within individual EOMs surpassing requirements of homogeneous actuators. This paper reviews emerging evidence that regions of individual EOMs can be differentially innervated to exert independent oculorotary torques, broadening the oculomotor repertoire, and potentially explaining diverse strabismus pathophysiology. Parallel structure characterizes EOM and tendon fibers, with little transverse coupling of experimentally imposed or actively generated tension. This arrangement enables arbitrary groupings of tendon and muscle fibers to act relatively independently. Coordinated force generation among EOM fibers occurs only upon potentially mutable coordination of innervational commands, whose central basis is suggested by preliminary findings of apparent compartmental segregation of abducens motor neuron pools. Humans, monkeys, and other mammals demonstrate separate, nonoverlapping intramuscular nerve arborizations in the superior vs inferior compartments of the medial rectus (MR) and lateral rectus (LR) EOMs that could apply force at the superior vs inferior portions of scleral insertions, and in the medial vs lateral compartments of the superior oblique that act at the equatorial vs posterior scleral insertions that might preferentially implement incycloduction vs infraduction. Magnetic resonance imaging of the MR during several physiological ocular motor behaviors indicates differential compartmental function. Differential compartmental pathology can influence clinical strabismus. Partial abducens palsy commonly affects the superior LR compartment more than the inferior, inducing vertical strabismus that might erroneously be attributed to cyclovertical EOM pathology. Surgery may selectively manipulate EOM compartments.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.2014.246
Ending Page	162
Page Count	6
Starting Page	157
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0950222X
e-ISSN	14765454
Journal	Eye
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	29
Language	English
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Publisher Date	2015-02-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Nature Publishing Group
Subject Keyword	Ophthalmology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ophthalmology Arts and Humanities Sensory Systems

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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