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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Hook, Matthew J. Van Thoreson, Wallace B. |
| Abstract | Calcium operates by several mechanisms to regulate glutamate release at rod and cone synaptic terminals. In addition to serving as the exocytotic trigger, Ca2+ accelerates replenishment of vesicles in cones and triggers Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) in rods. Ca2+ thereby amplifies sustained exocytosis, enabling photoreceptor synapses to encode constant and changing light. A complete picture of the role of Ca2+ in regulating synaptic transmission requires an understanding of the endogenous Ca2+ handling mechanisms at the synapse. We therefore used the “added buffer” approach to measure the endogenous Ca2+ binding ratio (κendo) and extrusion rate constant (γ) in synaptic terminals of photoreceptors in retinal slices from tiger salamander. We found that κendo was similar in both cell types - approximately 25 and 50 in rods and cones, respectively. Using measurements of the decay time constants of Ca2+ transients, we found that γ was also similar, with values of approximately 100 s−1 and 160 s−1 in rods and cones, respectively. The measurements of κendo differ considerably from measurements in retinal bipolar cells, another ribbon-bearing class of retinal neurons, but are comparable to similar measurements at other conventional synapses. The values of γ are slower than at other synapses, suggesting that Ca2+ ions linger longer in photoreceptor terminals, supporting sustained exocytosis, CICR, and Ca2+-dependent ribbon replenishment. The mechanisms of endogenous Ca2+ handling in photoreceptors are thus well-suited for supporting tonic neurotransmission. Similarities between rod and cone Ca2+ handling suggest that neither buffering nor extrusion underlie differences in synaptic transmission kinetics. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syn.21768 |
| Ending Page | 528 |
| Page Count | 11 |
| Starting Page | 518 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 10982396 |
| e-ISSN | 10982396 |
| Journal | Synapse (New York, N.Y.) |
| Issue Number | 11 |
| Volume Number | 68 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 2014-11-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
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