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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Naeser, Margaret A. Zafonte, Ross Krengel, Maxine H. Martin, Paula I. Frazier, Judith Hamblin, Michael R. Knight, Jeffrey A. Meehan, William P. Baker, Errol H. |
| Copyright Year | 2014 |
| Abstract | This pilot, open-protocol study examined whether scalp application of red and near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LED) could improve cognition in patients with chronic, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Application of red/NIR light improves mitochondrial function (especially in hypoxic/compromised cells) promoting increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) important for cellular metabolism. Nitric oxide is released locally, increasing regional cerebral blood flow. LED therapy is noninvasive, painless, and non-thermal (cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration [FDA], an insignificant risk device). Eleven chronic, mTBI participants (26–62 years of age, 6 males) with nonpenetrating brain injury and persistent cognitive dysfunction were treated for 18 outpatient sessions (Monday, Wednesday, Friday, for 6 weeks), starting at 10 months to 8 years post- mTBI (motor vehicle accident [MVA] or sports-related; and one participant, improvised explosive device [IED] blast injury). Four had a history of multiple concussions. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500 mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 10 min to each of 11 scalp placements (13 J/cm2). LEDs were placed on the midline from front-to-back hairline; and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Neuropsychological testing was performed pre-LED, and at 1 week, and 1 and 2 months after the 18th treatment. A significant linear trend was observed for the effect of LED treatment over time for the Stroop test for Executive Function, Trial 3 inhibition (p=0.004); Stroop, Trial 4 inhibition switching (p=0.003); California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)-II, Total Trials 1–5 (p=0.003); and CVLT-II, Long Delay Free Recall (p=0.006). Participants reported improved sleep, and fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, if present. Participants and family reported better ability to perform social, interpersonal, and occupational functions. These open-protocol data suggest that placebo-controlled studies are warranted. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2013.3244 |
| Ending Page | 1017 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| Starting Page | 1008 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 08977151 |
| e-ISSN | 15579042 |
| Journal | Journal of Neurotrauma |
| Issue Number | 11 |
| Volume Number | 31 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |
| Publisher Date | 2014-06-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. |
| Subject Keyword | Clinical Neurology Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Neurology (clinical) |
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