NDLI: Carvacrol and trans-Cinnamaldehyde Reduce Clostridium difficile Toxin Production and Cytotoxicity in Vitro

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Mooyottu, Shankumar Kollanoor-johny, Anup Flock, Genevieve Laurent, Bouillaut Upadhyay, Abhinav Sonenshein, Abraham L. Kumar, Venkitanarayanan
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Clostridium difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes a serious toxin-mediated enteric disease in humans. Reducing C. difficile toxin production could significantly minimize its pathogenicity and improve disease outcomes in humans. This study investigated the efficacy of two, food-grade, plant-derived compounds, namely trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and carvacrol (CR) in reducing C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity in vitro. Three hypervirulent C. difficile isolates were grown with or without the sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC or CR, and the culture supernatant and the bacterial pellet were collected for total toxin quantitation, Vero cell cytotoxicity assay and RT-qPCR analysis of toxin-encoding genes. The effect of CR and TC on a codY mutant and wild type C. difficile was also investigated. Carvacrol and TC substantially reduced C. difficile toxin production and cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The plant compounds also significantly down-regulated toxin production genes. Carvacrol and TC did not inhibit toxin production in the codY mutant of C. difficile, suggesting a potential codY-mediated anti-toxigenic mechanism of the plant compounds. The antitoxigenic concentrations of CR and TC did not inhibit the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Our results suggest that CR and TC could potentially be used to control C. difficile, and warrant future studies in vivo.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms15034415
Ending Page	4430
Page Count	16
Starting Page	4415
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14220067
e-ISSN	14220067
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	3
Volume Number	15
Language	English
Publisher	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Publisher Date	2014-03-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Subject Keyword	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy Molecular Biology Catalysis Computer Science Applications Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry Medicine Molecular Biology Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Computer Science Applications

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