NDLI: Implications of Chitin Attachment for the Environmental Persistence and Clinical Nature of the Human Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Williams, Tiffany C. Ayrapetyan, Mesrop Oliver, James D.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Vibrio vulnificus naturally inhabits a variety of aquatic organisms, including oysters, and is the leading cause of seafood-related death in the United States. Strains of this bacterium are genetically classified into environmental (E) and clinical (C) genotypes, which correlate with source of isolation. E-genotype strains integrate into marine aggregates more efficiently than do C-genotype strains, leading to a greater uptake of strains of this genotype by oysters feeding on these aggregates. The causes of this increased integration of E-type strains into marine “snow” have not been demonstrated. Here, we further investigate the physiological and genetic causalities for this genotypic heterogeneity by examining the ability of strains of each genotype to attach to chitin, a major constituent of marine snow. We found that E-genotype strains attach to chitin with significantly greater efficiency than do C-genotype strains when incubated at 20°C. Type IV pili were implicated in chitin adherence, and even in the absence of chitin, the expression level of type IV pilin genes (pilA, pilD, and mshA) was found to be inherently higher by E genotypes than by C genotypes. In contrast, the level of expression of N-acetylglucosamine binding protein A (gbpA) was significantly higher in C-genotype strains. Interestingly, incubation at a clinically relevant temperature (37°C) resulted in a significant increase in C-genotype attachment to chitin, which subsequently provided a protective effect against exposure to acid or bile, thus offering a clue into their increased incidence in human infections. This study suggests that C- and E-genotype strains have intrinsically divergent physiological programs, which may help explain the observed differences in the ecology and pathogenic potential between these two genotypes.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03811-13
Ending Page	1587
Page Count	8
Starting Page	1580
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00992240
e-ISSN	10985336
Journal	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	80
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2014-03-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Biotechnology Food Science Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Food Science Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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Molecular and Physical Factors That Influence Attachment of Vibrio vulnificus to Chitin

Genetic Distinctions among Clinical and Environmental Strains of Vibrio vulnificus

Role of Iron in Human Serum Resistance of the Clinical and Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Genotypes▿

Role of Iron in Human Serum Resistance of the Clinical and Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Genotypes

USER Friendly Cloning Coupled with Chitin-Based Natural Transformation Enables Rapid Mutagenesis of Vibrio vulnificus ▿ †

Role of Type IV Pilins in Persistence of Vibrio vulnificus in Crassostrea virginica Oysters▿

Antacid Increases Survival of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio vulnificus Phage in a Gastrointestinal Model†

Role of Chitin-Binding Proteins in the Specific Attachment of the Marine Bacterium Vibrio harveyi to Chitin

Induction of Chitin-Binding Proteins during the Specific Attachment of the Marine Bacterium Vibrio harveyi to Chitin

Implications of Chitin Attachment for the Environmental Persistence and Clinical Nature of the Human Pathogen Vibrio vulnificus

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Molecular and Physical Factors That Influence Attachment of Vibrio vulnificus to Chitin

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