NDLI: Islet antigen-specific Th17 cells can induce TNFα-dependent autoimmune diabetes

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Li, Cheng-rui Mueller, Erin E. Bradley, Linda M.
Abstract	Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although Th1 cells are key orchestrators of T1D, the function(s) of the more recently identified Th17 subset are unclear due to inherent plasticity. Herein we analyzed Th17 cells for stability and diabetogenicity in NOD mice. We found that like Th1 cells, Th17 are a distinct population throughout the pre-diabetic phase. At diabetes onset there were marked increases in IL-17-producing Th17 cells and IFNγ-producing Th1 cells in the pancreas as well as in the serum levels of these cytokines, indicating that these proinflammatory mediators serve as biomarkers of advanced autoimmunity. Although naturally occurring Th17 cells in diabetic mice did not contribute to diabetes development in transfer models, islet-specific Th17 cells were diabetogenic independently of IL-17 and displayed inflammation-induced Th17-to-Th1 reprogramming that could be elicited by Th1 cells. However, an inability to generate Th1 cells because of Stat4, Ifngr, and Ifng deficiencies did not prevent diabetes. Instead, TNFα could mediate diabetes in response to either Th17 cells or Th1 cells. The results identify a previously unknown mechanism by which Th17 cells can contribute to T1D. Our studies also suggest that when developing interventions for T1D, it will be potentially advantageous to focus on mechanisms common to T cell effectors than on the signature cytokines of various subsets.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1301742
Ending Page	1432
Page Count	8
Starting Page	1425
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00221767
e-ISSN	15506606
Journal	Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	192
Language	English
Publisher Date	2014-02-15
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Medicine(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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