NDLI: Traumatic Brain Injury Pathophysiology and Treatments: Early, Intermediate, and Late Phases Post-Injury

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Hanna, Algattas Huang, Jason H.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) affects a large proportion and extensive array of individuals in the population. While precise pathological mechanisms are lacking, the growing base of knowledge concerning TBI has put increased emphasis on its understanding and treatment. Most treatments of TBI are aimed at ameliorating secondary insults arising from the injury; these insults can be characterized with respect to time post-injury, including early, intermediate, and late pathological changes. Early pathological responses are due to energy depletion and cell death secondary to excitotoxicity, the intermediate phase is characterized by neuroinflammation and the late stage by increased susceptibility to seizures and epilepsy. Current treatments of TBI have been tailored to these distinct pathological stages with some overlap. Many prophylactic, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments are used post-TBI to halt the progression of these pathologic reactions. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms of the pathological hallmarks of TBI and both current and novel treatments which target the respective pathways.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms15010309
Ending Page	341
Page Count	33
Starting Page	309
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14220067
e-ISSN	14220067
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	15
Language	English
Publisher	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Publisher Date	2013-12-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Subject Keyword	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Spectroscopy Molecular Biology Catalysis Computer Science Applications Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Spectroscopy Organic Chemistry Medicine Molecular Biology Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Computer Science Applications

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