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Daphnia predation on the amphibian chytrid fungus and its impacts on disease risk in tadpoles

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Daphnia predation on the amphibian chytrid fungus and its impacts on disease risk in tadpoles

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Searle, Catherine L. Mendelson, Joseph R. Green, Linda E. Duffy, Meghan A.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Direct predation upon parasites has the potential to reduce infection in host populations. For example, the fungal parasite of amphibians, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is commonly transmitted through a free-swimming zoospore stage that may be vulnerable to predation. Potential predators of Bd include freshwater zooplankton that graze on organisms in the water column. We tested the ability of two species of freshwater crustacean (Daphnia magna and D. dentifera) to consume Bd and to reduce Bd density in water and infection in tadpoles. In a series of laboratory experiments, we allowed Daphnia to graze in water containing Bd while manipulating Daphnia densities, Daphnia species identity, grazing periods and concentrations of suspended algae (Ankistrodesmus falcatus). We then exposed tadpoles to the grazed water. We found that high densities of D. magna reduced the amount of Bd detected in water, leading to a reduction in the proportion of tadpoles that became infected. Daphnia dentifera, a smaller species of Daphnia, also reduced Bd in water samples, but did not have an effect on tadpole infection. We also found that algae affected Bd in complex ways. When Daphnia were absent, less Bd was detected in water and tadpole samples when concentrations of algae were higher, indicating a direct negative effect of algae on Bd. When Daphnia were present, however, the amount of Bd detected in water samples showed the opposite trend, with less Bd when densities of algae were lower. Our results indicate that Daphnia can reduce Bd levels in water and infection in tadpoles, but these effects vary with species, algal concentration, and Daphnia density. Therefore, the ability of predators to consume parasites and reduce infection is likely to vary depending on ecological context.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.777
Ending Page	4138
Page Count	10
Starting Page	4129
File Format	PDF
ISSN	20457758
e-ISSN	20457758
Journal	Ecology and Evolution
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Publisher Date	2013-10-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Nature and Landscape Conservation

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Predation by zooplankton on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: biological control of the deadly amphibian chytrid fungus?

Erratum to: Predation by zooplankton on Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis: biological control of the deadly amphibian chytrid fungus?

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Daphnia predation on the amphibian chytrid fungus and its impacts on disease risk in tadpoles

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Daphnia predation on the amphibian chytrid fungus and its impacts on disease risk in tadpoles