NDLI: Determination of Primary Spectral Bands for Remote Sensing of Aquatic Environments

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Lee, Zhongping Carder, Kendall Arnone, Robert He, Mingxia
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	About 30 years ago, NASA launched the first ocean-color observing satellite: the Coastal Zone Color Scanner. CZCS had 5 bands in the visible-infrared domain with an objective to detect changes of phytoplankton (measured by concentration of chlorophyll) in the oceans. Twenty years later, for the same objective but with advanced technology, the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS, 7 bands), the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS, 8 bands), and the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS, 12 bands) were launched. The selection of the number of bands and their positions was based on experimental and theoretical results achieved before the design of these satellite sensors. Recently, Lee and Carder (2002) demonstrated that for adequate derivation of major properties (phytoplankton biomass, colored dissolved organic matter, suspended sediments, and bottom properties) in both oceanic and coastal environments from observation of water color, it is better for a sensor to have ∼15 bands in the 400 – 800 nm range. In that study, however, it did not provide detailed analyses regarding the spectral locations of the 15 bands. Here, from nearly 400 hyperspectral (∼ 3-nm resolution) measurements of remote-sensing reflectance (a measure of water color) taken in both coastal and oceanic waters covering both optically deep and optically shallow waters, first- and second-order derivatives were calculated after interpolating the measurements to 1-nm resolution. From these derivatives, the frequency of zero values for each wavelength was accounted for, and the distribution spectrum of such frequencies was obtained. Furthermore, the wavelengths that have the highest appearance of zeros were identified. Because these spectral locations indicate extrema (a local maximum or minimum) of the reflectance spectrum or inflections of the spectral curvature, placing the bands of a sensor at these wavelengths maximizes the potential of capturing (and then restoring) the spectral curve, and thus maximizes the potential of accurately deriving properties of the water column and/or bottom of various aquatic environments with a multi-band sensor.
Ending Page	3441
Starting Page	3428
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14248220
e-ISSN	14248220
Journal	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Publisher Date	2007-12-20
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Subject Keyword	Sensors and actuators Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Instrumentation Analytical Chemistry Biochemistry Information Systems Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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