NDLI: Laboratory Evidence of Norwalk Virus Contamination on the Hands of Infected Individuals

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Liu, Pengbo Escudero, Blanca Jaykus, Lee-ann Montes, Julia Goulter, Rebecca M. Lichtenstein, Meredith Fernandez, Marina Lee, Joong-chul Nardo, Elizabeth De Kirby, Amy Arbogast, James W. Moe, Christine L.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Human norovirus (NoV) outbreak investigations suggest that the hands of infected individuals play an important role in NoV transmission. However, there is no experimental evidence documenting the likelihood and degree of NoV contamination on hands. As part of a clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of high-pressure processing for Norwalk virus (NV) inactivation in oysters, 159 hand rinse samples were collected from 6 infected and 6 uninfected subjects. NV was concentrated from the samples by polyethylene glycol precipitation, followed by RNA extraction using an automated guanidinium isothiocyanate-silica method. NV RNA was detected and quantified using multiple NV-specific reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. A total of 25.4% (18/71) of the hand rinse samples collected from 6 infected volunteers were presumptively positive for NV, with an average of 3.86 log10 genomic equivalent copies (GEC) per hand. Dot blot hybridization of PCR products obtained using a different primer set, and DNA sequencing of selected amplicons, provided further confirmation of the presence of NV in the hand rinses. NV contamination was also detected in two hand rinse samples obtained from one uninfected subject. These findings provide definitive evidence of NV contamination on the hands of infected subjects observed under controlled clinical research conditions. Such data support the need for better hand hygiene strategies to prevent NoV transmission.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02576-13
Ending Page	7881
Page Count	7
Starting Page	7875
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00992240
e-ISSN	10985336
Journal	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Issue Number	24
Volume Number	79
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2013-12-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Biotechnology Food Science Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Food Science Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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