NDLI: Composite Bacterial Hopanoids and Their Microbial Producers across Oxygen Gradients in the Water Column of the California Current

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kharbush, Jenan J. Ugalde, Juan A. Hogle, Shane L. Allen, Eric E. Aluwihare, Lihini I.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Hopanoids are pentacyclic triterpenoid lipids produced by many prokaryotes as cell membrane components. The structural variations of composite hopanoids, or bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), produced by various bacterial genera make them potentially useful molecular biomarkers of bacterial communities and metabolic processes in both modern and ancient environments. Building on previous work suggesting that organisms in low-oxygen environments are important contributors to BHP production in the marine water column and that there may be physiological roles for BHPs specific to these environments, this study investigated the relationship between trends in BHP structural diversity and abundance and the genetic diversity of BHP producers for the first time in a low-oxygen environment of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. Amplification of the hopanoid biosynthesis gene for squalene hopene cyclase (sqhC) indicated far greater genetic diversity than would be predicted by examining BHP structural diversity alone and that greater sqhC genetic diversity exists in the marine environment than is represented by cultured representatives and most marine metagenomes. In addition, the genetic relationships in this data set suggest microaerophilic environments as potential “hot spots” of BHP production. Finally, structural analysis of BHPs showed that an isomer of the commonly observed BHP bacteriohopanetetrol may be linked to a producer that is more abundant in low-oxygen environments. Results of this study increase the known diversity of BHP producers and provide a detailed phylogeny with implications for the role of hopanoids in modern bacteria, as well as the evolutionary history of hopanoid biosynthesis, both of which are important considerations for future interpretations of the marine sedimentary record.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02367-13
Ending Page	7501
Page Count	11
Starting Page	7491
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00992240
e-ISSN	10985336
Journal	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Issue Number	23
Volume Number	79
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2013-12-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Biotechnology Food Science Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Food Science Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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