NDLI: Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO2 photoelectrodes

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Henning, Alex Gino, Günzburger Res, Jöhr Rosenwaks, Yossi Bozic-weber, Biljana Housecroft, Catherine E. Constable, Edwin C. Meyer, Ernst Glatzel, Thilo
Editor	Frommer, J.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) provide a promising third-generation photovoltaic concept based on the spectral sensitization of a wide-bandgap metal oxide. Although the nanocrystalline TiO2 photoelectrode of a DSC consists of sintered nanoparticles, there are few studies on the nanoscale properties. We focus on the microscopic work function and surface photovoltage (SPV) determination of TiO2 photoelectrodes using Kelvin probe force microscopy in combination with a tunable illumination system. A comparison of the surface potentials for TiO2 photoelectrodes sensitized with two different dyes, i.e., the standard dye N719 and a copper(I) bis(imine) complex, reveals an inverse orientation of the surface dipole. A higher surface potential was determined for an N719 photoelectrode. The surface potential increase due to the surface dipole correlates with a higher DSC performance. Concluding from this, microscopic surface potential variations, attributed to the complex nanostructure of the photoelectrode, influence the DSC performance. For both bare and sensitized TiO2 photoelectrodes, the measurements reveal microscopic inhomogeneities of more than 100 mV in the work function and show recombination time differences at different locations. The bandgap of 3.2 eV, determined by SPV spectroscopy, remained constant throughout the TiO2 layer. The effect of the built-in potential on the DSC performance at the TiO2/SnO2:F interface, investigated on a nanometer scale by KPFM measurements under visible light illumination, has not been resolved so far.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.4.49
Ending Page	428
Page Count	11
Starting Page	418
File Format	PDF
ISSN	21904286
e-ISSN	21904286
Journal	Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
Volume Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Beilstein-Institut
Publisher Date	2013-07-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Beilstein-Institut
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Physics and Astronomy Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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