NDLI: The HIV-1 Env Protein: A Coat of Many Colors

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The HIV-1 Env Protein: A Coat of Many Colors

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Twigg, Arrildt Kathryn Joseph, Sarah Beth Swanstrom, Ronald
Abstract	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is completely dependent upon the Env protein to enter cells. The virus typically replicates in activated CD4+ T cells due to viral entry requirements for the CCR5 coreceptor and for high surface levels of the CD4 receptor. This is the case for the transmitted virus and for most of the virus sampled in the blood. Over the course of infection, the env gene can evolve to encode a protein with altered receptor and coreceptor usage allowing the virus to enter alternative host cells. In about 50% of HIV-1 infections, the viral population undergoes coreceptor switching, usually late in disease, allowing the virus to use CXCR4 to enter a different subset of CD4+ T cells. Neurocognitive disorders occur in about 10% of infections, also usually late in disease, but caused (ultimately) by viral replication in the brain either in CD4+ T cells or macrophage and/or microglia. Expanded host range is significantly intertwined with pathogenesis. Identification and characterization of such HIV-1 variants may be useful for early detection which would allow intervention to reduce viral pathogenesis in these alternative cell types.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-011-0107-3
Ending Page	63
Page Count	12
Starting Page	52
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15483568
e-ISSN	15483576
Journal	Current HIV/AIDS reports
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	9
Language	English
Publisher Date	2012-03-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Virology Infectious Diseases Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Virology

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