NDLI: High Wall Shear Stress and Spatial Gradients in Vascular Pathology: A Review

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Dolan, Jennifer M. John, Kolega Meng, Hui
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Cardiovascular pathologies such as intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and atherosclerosis preferentially localize to bifurcations and curvatures where hemodynamics are complex. While extensive knowledge about low wall shear stress (WSS) has been generated in the past, due to its strong relevance to atherogenesis, high WSS (typically >3 Pa) has emerged as a key regulator of vascular biology and pathology as well, receiving renewed interests. As reviewed here, chronic high WSS not only stimulates adaptive outward remodeling, but also contributes to saccular IA formation (at bifurcation apices or outer curves) and atherosclerotic plaque destabilization (in stenosed vessels). Recent advances in understanding IA pathogenesis have shed new light on the role of high WSS in pathological vascular remodeling. In complex geometries, high WSS can couple with significant spatial WSS gradient (WSSG). A combination of high WSS and positive WSSG has been shown to trigger aneurysm initiation. Since endothelial cells (ECs) are sensors of WSS, we have begun to elucidate EC responses to high WSS alone and in combination with WSSG. Understanding such responses will provide insight into not only aneurysm formation, but also plaque destabilization and other vascular pathologies and potentially lead to improved strategies for disease management and novel targets for pharmacological intervention.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-012-0695-0
Ending Page	1427
Page Count	17
Starting Page	1411
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
e-ISSN	15216047
Journal	Annals of biomedical engineering
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	41
Language	English
Publisher Date	2013-07-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biomedical Engineering Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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