NDLI: Contribution of non-endothelium-dependent substances to exercise hyperaemia: are they O2 dependent?

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Marshall, Janice M. Ray, Clare J.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	This review considers the contributions to exercise hyperaemia of substances released into the interstitial fluid, with emphasis on whether they are endothelium dependent or O2 dependent. The early phase of exercise hyperaemia is attributable to K+ released from contracting muscle fibres and acting extraluminally on arterioles. Hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells induced by K+ may also facilitate the maintained phase, for example by facilitating conduction of dilator signals upstream. ATP is released into the interstitium from muscle fibres, at least in part through cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-associated channels, following the fall in intracellular H+. ATP is metabolized by ectonucleotidases to adenosine, which dilates arterioles via A2A receptors, in a nitric oxide-independent manner. Evidence is presented that the rise in arterial achieved by breathing 40% O2 attenuates efflux of H+ and lactate, thereby decreasing the contribution that adenosine makes to exercise hyperaemia; efflux of inorganic phosphate and its contribution may likewise be attenuated. Prostaglandins (PGs), PGE2 and PGI2, also accumulate in the interstitium during exercise, and breathing 40% O2 abolished the contribution of PGs to exercise hyperaemia. This suggests that PGE2 released from muscle fibres and PGI2 released from capillaries and venular endothelium by a fall in their local act extraluminally to dilate arterioles. Although modest hyperoxia attenuates exercise hyperaemia by improving O2 supply, limiting the release of O2-dependent adenosine and PGs, higher O2 concentrations may have adverse effects. Evidence is presented that breathing 100% O2 limits exercise hyperaemia by generating O2 −, which inactivates nitric oxide and decreases PG synthesis.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240721
Ending Page	6320
Page Count	14
Starting Page	6307
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14697793
e-ISSN	14697793
Journal	The Journal of Physiology
Issue Number	Pt 24
Volume Number	590
Language	English
Publisher	Blackwell Science Inc
Publisher Date	2012-12-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Blackwell Science Inc
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Sports Science

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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