NDLI: Spinal atypical protein kinase C activity is necessary to stabilize inactivity-induced phrenic motor facilitation

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Strey, K. A. Nichols, N. L. Baertsch, N. A. Broytman, O. Baker-herman, T. L.
Abstract	The neural network controlling breathing must establish rhythmic motor output at a level adequate to sustain life. Reduced respiratory neural activity elicits a novel form of plasticity in circuits driving the diaphragm known as inactivity-induced phrenic motor facilitation (iPMF), a rebound increase in phrenic inspiratory output observed once respiratory neural drive is restored. The mechanisms underlying iPMF are unknown. Here, we demonstrate in anesthetized rats that spinal mechanisms give rise to iPMF, and that iPMF consists of at least two mechanistically distinct phases: 1) an early, labile phase that requires atypical PKC (PKCζ and/or PKCΙ/λ) activity to transition to a 2) late, stable phase. Early (but not late) iPMF is associated with increased interactions between PKCζ/Ι and the scaffolding protein ZIP/p62 in spinal regions associated with the phrenic motor pool. Although PKCζ/Ι activity is necessary for iPMF, spinal aPKC activity is not necessary for phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) following acute intermittent hypoxia, an activity-independent form of spinal respiratory plasticity. Thus, while iPMF and pLTF both manifest as prolonged increases in phrenic burst amplitude, they arise from distinct spinal cellular pathways. Our data are consistent with the hypotheses that: 1) local mechanisms sense and respond to reduced respiratory-related activity in the phrenic motor pool, and 2) inactivity-induced increases in phrenic inspiratory output require local PKCζ/Ι activity to stabilize into a long-lasting iPMF. Although the physiological role of iPMF is unknown, we suspect that iPMF represents a compensatory mechanism, assuring adequate motor output in a physiological system where prolonged inactivity ends life.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2631-12.2012
Ending Page	16520
Page Count	11
Starting Page	16510
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02706474
e-ISSN	15292401
Journal	The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Issue Number	46
Volume Number	32
Language	English
Publisher Date	2012-11-14
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Neuroscience(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience

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