NDLI: Distribution of Glycine/GABA Neurons in the Ventromedial Medulla with Descending Spinal Projections and Evidence for an Ascending Glycine/GABA Projection

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Hossaini, Mehdi Goos, Jacqueline A. C. Kohli, Somesh K. Holstege, Jan C.
Editor	Tell, Fabien
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	The ventromedial medulla (VM), subdivided in a rostral (RVM) and a caudal (CVM) part, has a powerful influence on the spinal cord. In this study, we have identified the distribution of glycine and GABA containing neurons in the VM with projections to the cervical spinal cord, the lumbar dorsal horn, and the lumbar ventral horn. For this purpose, we have combined retrograde tracing using fluorescent microspheres with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) and GAD67 mRNAs to identify glycinergic and/or GABAergic (Gly/GABA) neurons. Since the results obtained with FISH for GlyT2, GAD67, or GlyT2+GAD67 mRNAs were not significantly different, we concluded that glycine and GABA coexisted in the various projection neurons. After injections in the cervical cord, we found that 29%±1 (SEM) of the retrogradely labeled neurons in the VM were Gly/GABA (RVM: 43%; CVM: 21%). After lumbar dorsal horn injections 31%±3 of the VM neurons were Gly/GABA (RVM: 45%; CVM: 12%), and after lumbar ventral horn injections 25%±2 were Gly/GABA (RVM: 35%; CVM: 17%). In addition, we have identified a novel ascending Gly/GABA pathway originating from neurons in the area around the central canal (CC) throughout the spinal cord and projecting to the RVM, emphasizing the interaction between the ventromedial medulla and the spinal cord. The present study has now firmly established that GABA and glycine are present in many VM neurons that project to the spinal cord. These neurons strongly influence spinal processing, most notably the inhibition of nociceptive transmission.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035293
Starting Page	35293
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19326203
e-ISSN	19326203
Journal	PLoS ONE
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science
Publisher Date	2012-04-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Public Library of Science
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) Medicine(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Spinal Projection Neurons Control Turning Behaviors in Zebrafish

Ascending and descending mechanisms of visual lateralization in pigeons

Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions via the Spinal Opioidergic System and by Decreasing Both Ascending and Descending Transmissions of the Micturition Reflex in the Spinal Cord

Upper brainstem cholinergic neurons project to ascending and descending circuits

Evidence for velocity-tuned motion-sensitive descending neurons in the honeybee.

Visualization of Sensory Neurons and Their Projections in an Upper Motor Neuron Reporter Line

Descending projections from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) to trigeminal and spinal dorsal horns are morphologically and neurochemically distinct

Visualization of Cortical Projection Neurons with Retrograde TET-Off Lentiviral Vector

Functional biases in visual cortex neurons with identified projections to higher cortical targets

Distribution of Glycine/GABA Neurons in the Ventromedial Medulla with Descending Spinal Projections and Evidence for an Ascending Glycine/GABA Projection

Similar Documents

Spinal Projection Neurons Control Turning Behaviors in Zebrafish

Ascending and descending mechanisms of visual lateralization in pigeons

Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions via the Spinal Opioidergic System and by Decreasing Both Ascending and Descending Transmissions of the Micturition Reflex in the Spinal Cord

Upper brainstem cholinergic neurons project to ascending and descending circuits

Evidence for velocity-tuned motion-sensitive descending neurons in the honeybee.

Visualization of Sensory Neurons and Their Projections in an Upper Motor Neuron Reporter Line

Descending projections from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) to trigeminal and spinal dorsal horns are morphologically and neurochemically distinct

Visualization of Cortical Projection Neurons with Retrograde TET-Off Lentiviral Vector

Functional biases in visual cortex neurons with identified projections to higher cortical targets

Distribution of Glycine/GABA Neurons in the Ventromedial Medulla with Descending Spinal Projections and Evidence for an Ascending Glycine/GABA Projection