NDLI: Estimating causal effects of air quality regulations using principal stratification for spatially correlated multivariate intermediate outcomes

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Zigler, Corwin M. Dominici, Francesca Wang, Yun
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Methods for causal inference regarding health effects of air quality regulations are met with unique challenges because (1) changes in air quality are intermediates on the causal pathway between regulation and health, (2) regulations typically affect multiple pollutants on the causal pathway towards health, and (3) regulating a given location can affect pollution at other locations, that is, there is interference between observations. We propose a principal stratification method designed to examine causal effects of a regulation on health that are and are not associated with causal effects of the regulation on air quality. A novel feature of our approach is the accommodation of a continuously scaled multivariate intermediate response vector representing multiple pollutants. Furthermore, we use a spatial hierarchical model for potential pollution concentrations and ultimately use estimates from this model to assess validity of assumptions regarding interference. We apply our method to estimate causal effects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments among approximately 7 million Medicare enrollees living within 6 miles of a pollution monitor.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxr052
Ending Page	302
Page Count	14
Starting Page	289
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14654644
e-ISSN	14684357
Journal	Biostatistics (Oxford, England)
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	13
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2012-04-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Oxford University Press
Subject Keyword	Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty Statistics and Probability Medicine(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Statistics and Probability Medicine Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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