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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Nagahama, Masahiro Umezaki, Mariko Oda, Masataka Kobayashi, Keiko Tone, Shigenobu Suda, Taiji Kazumi, Ishidoh Sakurai, Jun |
| Editor | Bliska, J. B. |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin composed of an enzyme component (Ia) and a binding component (Ib). Each component alone lacks toxic activity, but together they produce cytotoxic effects. We examined the cytotoxicity of iota-toxin Ib in eight cell lines. A431 and A549 cells were susceptible to Ib, but MDCK, Vero, CHO, Caco-2, HT-29, and DLD-1 cells were not. Ib bound and formed oligomers in the membranes of A431 and MDCK cells. However, Ib entered MDCK cells but not A431 cells, suggesting that uptake is essential for cellular survival. Ib also induced cell swelling and the rapid depletion of cellular ATP in A431 and A549 cells but not the insensitive cell lines. In A431 cells, Ib binds and oligomerizes mainly in nonlipid rafts in the membranes. Disruption of lipid rafts by methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not impair ATP depletion or cell death caused by Ib. Ib induced permeabilization by propidium iodide without DNA fragmentation in A431 cells. Ultrastructural studies revealed that A431 cells undergo necrosis after treatment with Ib. Ib caused a disruption of mitochondrial permeability and the release of cytochrome c. Staining with active-form-specific antibodies showed that the proapoptotic Bcl-2-family proteins Bax and Bak were activated and colocalized with mitochondria in Ib-treated A431 cells. We demonstrate that Ib by itself produces cytotoxic activity through necrosis. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05677-11 |
| Ending Page | 4360 |
| Page Count | 8 |
| Starting Page | 4353 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00199567 |
| e-ISSN | 10985522 |
| Journal | Infection and Immunity |
| Issue Number | 11 |
| Volume Number | 79 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| Publisher Date | 2011-11-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | American Society for Microbiology |
| Subject Keyword | Immunology Microbiology Parasitology Infectious Diseases Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Infectious Diseases Parasitology Immunology Microbiology |
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