NDLI: Osmotic stress triggers toxin production by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Errera, Reagan M. Campbell, Lisa
Abstract	With the increase in frequency of harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide, a better understanding of the mechanisms that influence toxin production is needed. Karenia brevis, the major HAB dinoflagellate in the Gulf of Mexico, produces potent neurotoxins, known as brevetoxins. Human health is directly impacted by blooms of K. brevis through consumption of shellfish contaminated by accumulated brevetoxins (neurotoxic shellfish poisoning) or from aerosolized brevetoxins in sea spray (reduced respiratory function); however, the reason for brevetoxin production has remained a mystery. Here we show that brevetoxin production increased dramatically in response to osmotic stress in three of the four K. brevis clones examined. By rapidly changing salinity to simulate a shift from oceanic conditions to a decreased salinity typical of coastal conditions, brevetoxin production was triggered. As a result, brevetoxin cell quota increased by >14-fold, while growth rate remained unchanged. Live images of K. brevis cells were also examined to assess changes in cell volume. In the K. brevis Wilson clone, cells responded quickly to hypoosmotic stress by increasing their brevetoxin cell quota from ∼10 to 160 pg of brevetoxin per cell, while cell volume remained stable. In contrast, the K. brevis SP1 clone, which has a consistently low brevetoxin cell quota (<1 pg per cell), was unable to balance the hypoosmotic stress, and although brevetoxin production remained low, average cell volume increased. Our findings close a critical gap in knowledge regarding mechanisms for toxin production in K. brevis by providing an explanation for toxin production in this harmful dinoflagellate.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104247108
Ending Page	10601
Page Count	5
Starting Page	10597
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	26
Volume Number	108
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2011-06-28
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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Correction for Errera and Campbell, Osmotic stress triggers toxin production by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Osmotic stress triggers toxin production by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Osmotic stress does not trigger brevetoxin production in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Osmotic stress does trigger brevetoxin production in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Osmotic stress does not trigger brevetoxin production in the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis.

De novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

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Transcriptomic response of the red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, to nitrogen and phosphorus depletion and addition

Gene Expression in Florida Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis: Analysis of an Expressed Sequence Tag Library and Development of DNA Microarray

Osmotic stress triggers toxin production by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

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Correction for Errera and Campbell, Osmotic stress triggers toxin production by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

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