NDLI: Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Silver, Mary W. Sibel, Bargu Coale, Susan L. Benitez-nelson, Claudia R. Garcia, Ana C. Roberts, Kathryn J. Emily, Sekula-wood Bruland, Kenneth W. Coale, Kenneth H.
Abstract	Near-surface waters ranging from the Pacific subarctic (58°N) to the Southern Ocean (66°S) contain the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), associated with the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Of the 35 stations sampled, including ones from historic iron fertilization experiments (SOFeX, IronEx II), we found Pseudo-nitzschia at 34 stations and DA measurable at 14 of the 26 stations analyzed for DA. Toxin ranged from 0.3 fg·cell−1 to 2 pg·cell−1, comparable with levels found in similar-sized cells from coastal waters. In the western subarctic, descent of intact Pseudo-nitzschia likely delivered significant amounts of toxin (up to 4 μg of DA·m−2·d−1) to underlying mesopelagic waters (150–500 m). By reexamining phytoplankton samples from SOFeX and IronEx II, we found substantial amounts of DA associated with Pseudo-nitzschia. Indeed, at SOFeX in the Antarctic Pacific, DA reached 220 ng·L−1, levels at which animal mortalities have occurred on continental shelves. Iron ocean fertilization also occurs naturally and may have promoted blooms of these ubiquitous algae over previous glacial cycles during deposition of iron-rich aerosols. Thus, the neurotoxin DA occurs both in coastal and oceanic waters, and its concentration, associated with changes in Pseudo-nitzschia abundance, likely varies naturally with climate cycles, as well as with artificial iron fertilization. Given that iron fertilization in iron-depleted regions of the sea has been proposed to enhance phytoplankton growth and, thereby, both reduce atmospheric CO2 and moderate ocean acidification in surface waters, consideration of the potentially serious ecosystem impacts associated with DA is prudent.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006968107
Ending Page	20767
Page Count	6
Starting Page	20762
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	48
Volume Number	107
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2010-11-30
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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Growth, Toxin Production and Allelopathic Effects of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries under Iron-Enriched Conditions

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION IN OCEANIC PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) FROM IRON-LIMITED WATERS IN THE NORTHEAST SUBARCTIC PACIFIC(1).

Understanding Domoic Acid and Toxic Diatom Blooms

Assessing Environmental Control of Domoic Acid Production by the Planktonic Diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis in California Waters

Molecular Detection of a Potentially Toxic Diatom Species

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen on the Growth and Production of Domoic Acid by Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and P. australis (Bacillariophyceae) in Culture

Molecular forecasting of domoic acid during a pervasive toxic diatom bloom

Exposure of Santa Cruz Wharf Anglers to Domoic Acid

Toxic Effects of Domoic Acid in the Seabream Sparus aurata

Toxic diatoms and domoic acid in natural and iron enriched waters of the oceanic Pacific

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Growth, Toxin Production and Allelopathic Effects of Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries under Iron-Enriched Conditions

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