NDLI: Mechanisms underlying γδ T-cell subset perturbations in SIV-infected Asian rhesus macaques

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Harris, Levelle D. Klatt, Nichole R. Vinton, Carol Briant, Judith A. Tabb, Brian Ladell, Kristin Lifson, Jeffrey Estes, Jacob D. Price, David A. Hirsch, Vanessa M. Brenchley, Jason M.
Abstract	T cells that express the γδ T-cell receptor, which recognize microbial or stress-induced antigens, represent a minority of blood T cells but constitute a major proportion of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the gastrointestinal mucosa. As microbial products have been shown to translocate from the gastrointestinal tract into circulation in chronically HIV/Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected individuals, we conducted a study of Vδ1 and Vδ2 T-cell frequency, phenotype, and function in blood, spleen, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal mucosa, and bronchoalveolar lavage of uninfected and chronically SIVsmE543-infected rhesus macaques (RMs). We found: (1) SIV-associated inversion of Vδ1/Vδ2 T cells occurs in blood and in several tissues; (2) γδ T cells are not infected by SIV in vivo; (3) the Vδ1/Vδ2 inversion involves expansion of Vδ1 T cells; (4) expanded Vδ1 T cells are phenotypically and functionally different from Vδ1 T cells from uninfected RMs; and (5) the stimulus underlying expansion of Vδ1 T cells appears to be microbial translocation. These data highlight the importance of microbial translocation–induced immune activation in chronically infected individuals and provide new insights into an immune dysregulation phenomenon that is a hallmark of HIV/SIV infection. These findings may lead to novel therapeutic interventions that improve the immune responses against microbial antigens, and thus, decrease microbial translocation–induced im-mune activation.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-283549
Ending Page	4157
Page Count	10
Starting Page	4148
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00064971
e-ISSN	15280020
Journal	Blood
Issue Number	20
Volume Number	116
Language	English
Publisher	American Society of Hematology
Publisher Date	2010-11-18
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society of Hematology
Subject Keyword	Immunology Cell Biology Biochemistry Hematology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Hematology Biochemistry Immunology

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