NDLI: Oligogenic basis of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Sykiotis, Gerasimos P. Plummer, Lacey Hughes, Virginia A. Au, Margaret Durrani, Sadia Nayak-young, Sadhana Dwyer, Andrew A. Quinton, Richard Hall, Janet E. Gusella, James F. Seminara, Stephanie B. Crowley, William F. Nelly, Pitteloud
Abstract	Between the genetic extremes of rare monogenic and common polygenic diseases lie diverse oligogenic disorders involving mutations in more than one locus in each affected individual. Elucidating the principles of oligogenic inheritance and mechanisms of genetic interactions could help unravel the newly appreciated role of rare sequence variants in polygenic disorders. With few exceptions, however, the precise genetic architecture of oligogenic diseases remains unknown. Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency caused by defective secretion or action of hypothalamic GnRH is a rare genetic disease that manifests as sexual immaturity and infertility. Recent reports of patients who harbor pathogenic rare variants in more than one gene have challenged the long-held view that the disorder is strictly monogenic, yet the frequency and extent of oligogenicity in isolated GnRH deficiency have not been investigated. By systematically defining genetic variants in large cohorts of well-phenotyped patients (n = 397), family members, and unaffected subjects (n = 179) for the majority of known disease genes, this study suggests a significant role of oligogenicity in this disease. Remarkably, oligogenicity in isolated GnRH deficiency was as frequent as homozygosity/compound heterozygosity at a single locus (2.5%). Among the 22% of patients with detectable rare protein-altering variants, the likelihood of oligogenicity was 11.3%. No oligogenicity was detected among controls (P < 0.05), even though deleterious variants were present. Viewing isolated GnRH deficiency as an oligogenic condition has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of its reproductive and nonreproductive phenotypes; deciphering the etiology of common GnRH-related disorders; and modeling the genetic architecture of other oligogenic and multifactorial diseases.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1009622107
Ending Page	15144
Page Count	5
Starting Page	15140
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00278424
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	34
Volume Number	107
Language	English
Publisher	National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	2010-08-24
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	General Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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