NDLI: Antimicrobial anxiety: the impact of stress on antimicrobial immunity

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Radek, Katherine A.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Leukocytes and epithelial cells are fundamental to antimicrobial immunity. Their antimicrobial responses are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune system and are influenced by the host’s response to external stimuli. The efficacy of host defense via antimicrobial responses derives from the ability of AMPs to rapidly identify and eradicate foreign microbes and activate proinflammatory pathways, and from the capacity of later innate and adaptive immune responses to amplify protection through distinct biochemical mechanisms. Recent advances in neuroimmunology have identified a direct link between the neuroendocrine and immune systems, where environmental stimuli are generally believed to promote a transient effect on the immune system in response to environmental challenges and are presumably brought back to baseline levels via neuroendocrine pathways. Stress is an environmental stimulus that flares from a variety of circumstances and has become engrained in human society. Small bouts of stress are believed to enhance the host’s immune response; however, prolonged periods of stress can be detrimental through excess production of neuroendocrine-derived mediators that dampen immune responses to invasive pathogens. Elucidation of the mechanisms behind stress-induced immune modulation of antimicrobial responses will ultimately lead to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions for pathologic conditions. It is the intent of this review to broaden the existing paradigm of how stress-related molecules dampen immune responses through suppression of antimicrobial mechanisms, and to emphasize that bacteria can use these factors to enhance microbial pathogenesis during stress.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1109740
Ending Page	277
Page Count	15
Starting Page	263
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07415400
e-ISSN	19383673
Journal	Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	88
Language	English
Publisher	The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Publisher Date	2010-08-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Society for Leukocyte Biology
Subject Keyword	Immunology Cell Biology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Immunology and Allergy Immunology

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