NDLI: Learning your own strength: winner and loser effects should change with age and experience

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Fawcett, Tim W. Johnstone, Rufus A.
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Winner and loser effects, in which the outcome of an aggressive encounter influences the tendency to escalate future conflicts, have been documented in many taxa, but we have limited understanding of why they have evolved. One possibility is that individuals use previous victories and defeats to assess their fighting ability relative to others. We explored this idea by modelling a population of strong and weak individuals that do not know their own strength, but keep track of how many fights they have won. Under these conditions, adaptive behaviour generates clear winner and loser effects: individuals who win fights should escalate subsequent conflicts, whereas those who lose should retreat from aggressive opponents. But these effects depend strongly on age and experience. Young, naive individuals should show highly aggressive behaviour and pronounced loser effects. For these inexperienced individuals, fighting is especially profitable because it yields valuable information about their strength. Aggression should then decline as an individual ages and gains experience, with those who lose fights becoming more submissive. Older individuals, who have a better idea of their own strength, should be more strongly influenced by victories than losses. In conclusion, we predict that both aggressiveness and the relative magnitude of winner and loser effects should change with age, owing to changes in how individuals perceive their own strength.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2088
Starting Page	1427
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14712954
e-ISSN	14712954
Journal	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Issue Number	1686
Volume Number	277
Language	English
Publisher	The Royal Society
Publisher Date	2010-05-07
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Royal Society
Subject Keyword	Biological Sciences Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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