NDLI: Moonlight avoidance in gerbils reveals a sophisticated interplay among time allocation, vigilance and state-dependent foraging

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kotler, Burt P. Brown, Joel Mukherjee, Shomen Berger-tal, Oded Amos, Bouskila
Copyright Year	2010
Abstract	Foraging animals have several tools for managing the risk of predation, and the foraging games between them and their predators. Among these, time allocation is foremost, followed by vigilance and apprehension. Together, their use influences a forager's time allocation and giving-up density (GUD) in depletable resource patches. We examined Allenby's gerbils (Gerbilus andersoni allenbyi) exploiting seed resource patches in a large vivarium under varying moon phases in the presence of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes). We measured time allocated to foraging patches electronically and GUDs from seeds left behind in resource patches. From these, we estimated handling times, attack rates and quitting harvest rates (QHRs). Gerbils displayed greater vigilance (lower attack rates) at brighter moon phases (full < wane < wax < new). Similarly, they displayed higher GUDs at brighter moon phases (wax > full > new > wane). Finally, gerbils displayed higher QHRs at new and waxing moon phases. Differences across moon phases not only reflect changing time allocation and vigilance, but changes in the state of the foragers and their marginal value of energy. Early in the lunar cycle, gerbils rely on vigilance and sacrifice state to avoid risk; later they defend state at the cost of increased time allocation; finally their state can recover as safe opportunities expand. In the predator–prey foraging game, foxes may contribute to these patterns of behaviours by modulating their own activity in response to the opportunities presented in each moon phase.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2036
Ending Page	1474
Page Count	6
Starting Page	1469
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09628452
e-ISSN	14712954
Journal	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Issue Number	1687
Volume Number	277
Language	English
Publisher	The Royal Society
Publisher Date	2010-05-22
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Royal Society
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Immunology and Microbiology(all) Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) Environmental Science(all) Medicine(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Immunology and Microbiology Medicine Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Environmental Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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