NDLI: Mechanism of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inactivation by tyrosine nitration

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Vikram, Palamalai Miyagi, Masaru
Abstract	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a multifaceted protein that is involved in numerous processes including glycolysis, translational silencing, transcriptional regulation of specific genes, and acting as a nitric oxide sensor. The precise mechanism on how GAPDH is targeted to these different roles is unclear but believed to involve specific posttranslational modification to the protein. Numerous studies have demonstrated that GAPDH is a target for tyrosine nitration. However, the site of modification and the molecular consequence have not been defined. Rabbit GAPDH with a reversibly protected catalytic cysteine was nitrated in vitro with tetranitromethane, resulting in complete loss of GAPDH catalytic activity. Nitration was estimated as 0.32 mol of nitrotyrosine residue per mole of GAPDH. Mass spectrometry analysis of nitrated GAPDH indicated that Tyr311 and Tyr317 were the sole sites of nitration. The X-ray crystal structure revealed that the distances between Tyr311 and Tyr317 and the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) were less than 7.2 and 3.7 Å, respectively, implying that nitration of these two residues may affect NAD+ binding. This possibility was assessed using an NAD+ binding assay, which showed that nitrated GAPDH was incapable of binding NAD+. Thus, these results strongly suggest that Tyr311 and Tyr317 nitration prohibits NAD+ binding, leading to the loss of catalytic activity.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.311
Ending Page	262
Page Count	8
Starting Page	255
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09618368
e-ISSN	1469896X
Journal	Protein Science : A Publication of the Protein Society
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Publisher Date	2010-02-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry Molecular Biology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Molecular Biology Biochemistry

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Mechanism of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inactivation by tyrosine nitration.

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